POISONS FROM JUNGLE PLANTS 181 



line glucoside. With animals, gastro-intestinal symp- 

 toms, such as vomiting, salivation, and diarrhoea, were 

 conspicuous, except in guinea-pigs. Dr, Seligmann 

 remarks on the suddenness with wliich the poison acts 

 on pigeons. He injected 3 mg. of ipo/t into a pigeon 

 weighing 290 gi-ammes. After a few minutes, during 

 which no special discomfort was observed — or at most 

 the bird appeared a Httle weak on its legs— the respira- 

 tions became deep, a single act of vomiting by which 

 the crop was partly emptied occurred, and the bird 

 pitched forward and became convulsed for about thirty 

 seconds, at the end of which time it was dead. 



A native antidote for dart poison is the juice of the 

 common "thin-skinned lime" (lirna/u nipis; Citrus 

 acida, Eoxb. — Rutacese), which is squeezed into the 

 wound ; but Kelantan Malays also pin their faith to a 

 mouthful of diy earth eaten immediately on the receipt 

 of the injury. The Negritos of Kelantan (Pangan) rely 

 upon the fruit of a jungle tree which smells very strongly 

 of onions (kulim; Scorodocarpus borneensis, Beec. — 

 Oleacete). The fruit of this tree is eaten, or if it is not 

 available an infusion is made of the bark. Human 

 urine administered internally is also supposed by the 

 Kelantan jungle-folk to be an antidote. 



References. 



(1} Brandis, D. (1907.) " Indian Trees." London. 



(2) Brown, W. C. (1891.) " A Note on Rfingaa Poisoning. " 



Journal Straits Branch Royal Asiatic Socieiyf No. 24, p. 83. 

 Singapore. 



(3) Brown-Bdrton, T, E. (1888.) "Punjab Poisons," p. 163. 



Calcutta, 



(4) Burk-Mdrdoch, a. M. (1912.) " Trees and Timbers of the 



Malay Peninsula." Selangor, F.M.vS, 



(5) Clifford, H, (1898.) " Studies in Brown Humanity," p. 232. 



London. 



(6) Danverb, F. C. (1894.) " The Portuguese in India," Vol. I., 



p. 228. London. 



