192 MALAY POISONS AND CHARM CUBES 



and have its point directed to the apex of the leaf. 

 These hairs are unicellular, and all lie parallel to one 

 another and close together* The hairs are thicker and 

 stronger on the upper surface of the leaf and on the 

 veins of the lower surface " (Ref. 2). The poisonous 

 principles found in Indian hemp seem to be produced 

 only in plants grown in warm climates. 



One" of the combinations in w4iieh datm*a seeds are 

 used in Kelantan contains Indian hemp and opium ; it 

 is made up with the slime of the cat-fish ikan kili, the 

 sap of the sago palm, and juice from the horse-radish 

 or " drumsticks " tree of Ceylon {g^munga; Moringa 

 pterygosoerma, Gaertn. — - Moringaceae). A form of 

 insanity, attended with hallucinations of sight and 

 followed by death in a few months, is said to be a 

 sequel to the preliminary delii'ium when powdered 

 datura seeds and other ingredients have been taken. 

 These are : opium, the inner green bark of a shrub with 

 honey flowers (pokun nSrapih; Glycosmis pent aph}' 11a, 

 Corr.- — Butaceae), and the fresh green shoots of a wild 

 yam called goulong (Dioscorea triphylla, Lam. — 

 Dioscoreaceae). 



Opium, the sma-dried latex of the um'ipe fruit of the 

 opium poppy, is imported, and when prepared for 

 smoking is known in Malay as ckandu. It does not 

 appear to be very commonly used by Malay criminals 

 except in combination wdth datura, and this perhaps 

 may be explained by the fact that chandu is a Govern- 

 ment monopoly and expensive to buy. Thus it is used 

 in a particularly deadly poison made v^dth dried kecJiu- 

 hong seeds and jpotas (cyanide of potassium). However, 

 its use in mixtures containing it, together with areca- 

 nut, fedmdang gagak, tangis sarang btirong, arsenic and 

 mercury, is mentioned under the respective sections. 



Application by Fumes. — The Malay one-storied 



