200 MALAY POISONS AND CEABM CURES 



fit for food. The slices are sometimes shredded and 

 made into cakes. 



k£n£rak 



Ken^ak (Goniothalamus tapis, Miq» — ^Anonacess, or 

 an allied species) does not seem to be used alone as 

 an abortifacient by Malays ; but it is used for this 

 purpose in combination, as described under section 

 ChSraka. a plant which is closely allied to ken^ak 

 (Oxymitra macrophylla, BailL — ^Anonaceae) is recorded 

 by Greshoff as an abortifacient. He found indications 

 of an alkaloid or alkaloids in the bark of two species of 

 Goniothalamus, and extracted from an allied plant 

 (Unona dasmychala, Bl. — Anonace^) an alkaloid of 

 which 12 mg. did not kill a large toad. An amorphous 

 alkaloid extracted from Anona mmicata, Linn., how- 

 ever, caused tetanic convulsions when injected into a 

 toad to the extent of 3 mg., and an injection of 8 mg. 

 from Anona reticulata, Linn., caused lameness of the 

 hind feet ; 5 mg. from Alphonsea ventriculosa, Hook, 

 fij. and Thorns. — Anonace®, caused the death of a toad, 

 and 5 mg. of the alkaloid extracted from Alphonsea 

 ceramensis, Scheff.— Anonaceae, caused cramps and 

 death in toads (Eef. 9, Vol. XXV., pp. 11 and 15). 

 The well-known species Anona reticulata, the " bullock's 

 heart or true custard-apple tree of the West Indies, is 

 known to Malays as nonah kapri, and is used as an 

 astringent in the form of the powdered bark. 



KepAYANG 



The large cultivated kepayang tree (Pangium edule, 

 Reindwdt.— BixacesB) yields a poisonous glucoside, but 

 the fruits are edible when cooked. The kepayang or 

 payung tree is a quick-growing, spreading tree with huge 

 heart-shaped leaves, rather large axillary greenish-white 



