r 



NO THE IKTHNCH.OGT OF THE INDTA!* ARCFf 



the shores and islands of the Indian Ocean the races to which it 

 must be referred appear to have prevailed. Their limit* were those 

 of the monsoons, or from Africa to Polynesia, When they thus 

 spread themselves over Africa, India, and the Indian Archipelago, 

 the great outl\ itifr regions of the old world, there could have been 

 no civilised Semetic, Iranian, Burmese or Siamese races on that 

 sea to hinder them. 



The languages of their population belonged to a sttijre interme- 

 diate between the monotonic and the inflectional, and had strong 

 anil direct affinities to the of her families of language of this stage,— 

 the Ugro-Tartarian, Japanese, Old Indian and "African, awf to a 

 certain extent to the American, which last may be considered as 

 const i rating a peculiar family. Amongst the best preserved 

 examples of these languages are the Formosa-Plnlipine and the 

 Australian. It is probable that some of the eastern Meianesian 

 will be found to be equally characteristic. 



The second of the great insular families is Tibeto-Indian and 

 Mayama-Anam. It connect* itself with all the races and languages 

 from Tibet to Anam, but it chiefly flowed in through the ethnic 

 basin of the Malacca sea. By a long continued influx this family 

 spread itself over the Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and 

 Celebes, but its further progress over the many islands to the north 

 and east appears to have been long checked by the older races. 

 It was probably only by slow steps, and by settling at many points, 

 ibat it gained a tirm footing even in the western blande, and a 

 long period must have elapsed before its tribes became so populous, 

 and spread so far into the interiour, as to enable them to absorb 

 and destroy the earlier occupants. The settled inland communities 

 of Sumatra evidently owed much to direct influence from similar 

 communities on the continent,* When communities of this family 

 had grown in numbers and power till they dominated, and could 

 be freely developed under the genial insular influences, a new 

 civilisation gradually arose, indigenous in many respects, but 

 constantly stimulated and directed by traders and settlers from the 

 father-lands, and owing more to what they originally brought, and 

 continued to receive, from thence, than to their own genius and 

 inventiveness. In the interior they expanded into considerable 

 agricultural communities in favourable localities, although in most 

 places they retained the nomadic forest or ladang culture and 



• The earlittt cmigranta were probably In a nimUw Mate of eltHlMtlon't a the pre* 

 «ent lea* developed tribe* of ihe Tibeto-Ariaroene region, and had irradnally »»read 

 thrmsdrci along the eoart* and down tfaa riper basin* till tbuv passed into the 

 Fcniojula, and thence, probably *ft«r me centime*, into Sumatra. Although & 

 - Julian native*, they were not * I ronjrty separated 

 rlie latter bad not then bem harassed, cmeerba- 

 b they were, In after sjrea, to endure at the hands 

 undisputed -poaaeasJori and free enjoyment at the 

 beira. Then* l» no ruaiou therefore to believe- that 

 »ve that of the dlflerenee In race, to prevent a 

 The Tibeto- Anain people are only mporiousand 



roocb superiou 







from ibrro by 1 











ttil ami t'epmdt 



of the former, 

 lands which ha<: 



1 ls»vu i 





llv 1 



at ttrst any great barrier existed, 



