TH& ETUN0UX1Y OF THE, INDIAN ARCH1PKLAUO. 61 



the habits and character of the less civilised tribes of the Tibeto- 

 Anam region. On the coasti and river*, maritime art and enterprise 

 were highly developed, apparently from fresh influences receive 

 from the basins of the Irawudi and Ganges after a higher civilisa- 

 tion, accompanied by a greater demand for the peculiar products 

 of the eastern islands, hud arisen there. Thin led to th^ growth 

 of maritime comraunilie* of which the chief seats were in Celebes, 

 the Molukas and the Philipines, but it is prohnhle that the first 

 were in Java, and that Javanese colonies or annua! muling stations 

 were the nuclei of the eastern states. The common dematuk of the 

 traders gave a unity of purpose and direction to the navigation of 

 the islanders throughout the whole of this region, and the monsoons, 

 which regulated their voyages, still further tended to imp ress on it a 

 uniform character.* During the earlier agfs of the extension of this 

 family, and when it was everywhere numerically small compared 

 with the aborigines, the more advanced and raorr harmonic lan* 



Kiges of the latter came in contact with the less ad vr.u^ed monotonia 

 guages of the new settlers, who found it as easy as it was 

 necessary to acquire the language of the land, while the natives 

 had no motive to acquire that of the new comers, f 



unscrupulous when tbev arc powerful. When weak .they urr peculiarly homble and 

 conciliatory In their demeanour towards (breigntra, professing fur them great 

 respect, htuuourliigaH their prejudices, and concealing llmir own. Thcirposition Hud 

 policy towards the Afric.o-iniii.iii triins*, after they hod become numerically strong, 

 must have been similar to tint of the mure civilised maritime tribe* to tivm of the 

 iateriour, of their own race, at the present day. The Malay arc more it-punned by 

 their habits and religion from the heathen Binue, Daya, kr. t than tba predecessors 

 of the latter were from the Africo- Indian tribe*. A» t he Malay* now roh and oppress 

 the Blnua, We may believe the ancient progenitor* of hot.lt, robbed and oppressed the 

 Aborigines wherever tin y could, tiJl the latter, exasperated and embittered, with' 

 drew sullenly from tbo unequal contest, and, dhr.tikuig more and more from the 

 rapacity of the former, lingered on in a half animal state, of existence, or, revenging 

 themselves frrucioualy when they bad opportunities, provoked an ex tar iu Stalling 

 retaliation. 



• The connected bnsim of the Java and Molucca fens were the great nurseries 

 and teats ot litis navigation. The foreign traders and tbn*e from the north of 

 Sumatra, probably readied Java, but the true Insular navignthm must always hare 

 been in the hands of tbs pctiple uf these two basins. Their mutaal depradMi ■ 

 mid hostilities, ond the contest* with the mrlier Africo-liulian races, developed 

 In th. m a boldness of character to which their continental progenitors were 

 pruhably strangers, and must have led tu tbr habit of sntiing in neets. -which they 

 retain, to a considerable extent, to the present day. Tbe spice*, tortukeahell, (ba- 

 thers, ice* must have been collected as now !iy the natives at ports in Celebes and 

 by the Moluka-Tknarean islanders, and the Javanese in contact with the foreign 

 traders may have been the chief or only carriers for a time. But the great mart- 

 lime communities of the east must toon have learned to carry westward the 

 product- of their own islands and what they received from tbe f'apuas. The limits 

 of the conquests of the Tibcto-Anamcse race prove that its more east urn movements 

 were guided by foreign commerce.'' it prosseJ on to the spice islniul* and occupied 

 them. Thdr produce was far more than enough to meet tba foreign demand, and 

 they contended themselves with trade and di prudatJon to the further tast, in th« 

 PlUlipieea their partial colonisation, eblefly a coast and a river one, appears to have 

 been main!*' stimulated bj tie Chinese ami JatfttuMe trnd«, to wbirli thai of alum. 

 A nam and Tomjutn were ub>o added. When I come to the history of the Jinyi-. I 

 fcl.ulJ hnng forward many illustrations of the condition of the Archipelago during 

 the Tlbcio- A nam era. 



t In the same manner the modern settlers from China learn tbe insular lanpuogr 

 current at th? place where they come, and where they permanently settle and graduolh 



*> 



