68 THE ETHNOLOGY OF THC IJTDUX 4RCH1PKLAOO. 



substratum of an earlier development, which is entirely African in 

 its spn-it, and in many of its characteristics. Bnt much of the 

 ruder and purer African, preferred in the more isolated parte of 

 the Eastern Archtpclajroes.w clearly disttnguishnble from the Indo. 

 African entering into the later civilisation of India and the ludo- 

 Anamrse countries, and thence transmitted to the islands, if not in 

 part also derived from Western visitors. We can establish, 1st, an 

 early archaic African character » hic-h was common to Asia, Atrica 

 Rnd, in a considerable decree, to America, and which was evidently 

 transmitted from the first to the two last; 2nd. t» later archaic 

 African character, w ith strong Syro- Egyptian traits, directly received 

 from the shores of Eastern Africa and Arabia, and diffused over 

 India, Transindia and Asianesia, but uot reaching to China, Tibet 

 or eastern Mid-Asia.* This last contained Egyptian elements, 

 because the tribes of the eastern shores of Africa* were subject to 

 the ethnic influence of the Nile basin behind them, and the more 

 northern were in constant contact with it by the ancient commer- 

 cial routes. Although this Sernitieo-African influence is eniircl v 

 archaic as respects India, Transindia and Asianesia, it mav, a d 

 probably does, extend itself into the earlier ages of the historical 

 era of Ej^ypt. The ruder Indian and Papuanesian tribes represent 

 the ruder African, or a low stale of African development charac- 

 teristic of small and scattered tribes unacquainted with agriculture 

 and not c^lt'cled in towns, larjje villages or camps, and which 

 we may believe to have prevailed over the •greater part not only 

 of Africa, but of all the south-west and southern Asiatic basins 

 at an early era. It was probably first diffused to the eastward by the 

 ichthyophagt of the coasts of East Africa and Arabia, while 

 civilisation was gradually growing in the basin of the Nile. Tho 

 pre-Iranian Indian culture and that of Ul train dia and Asianesia 

 represent the more advanced African, or that of lar^e communities 

 in which many of the ruder traits remain, but blended with oLhers 

 springing from a higher intelligence and art. The CTeat antiquity 

 of Egyptian culture forbids any decided chronological separation 

 of the two developments, because the ruder dwellers on the coast 

 would soon, in a slight degree, reflect such of the customs and 

 religious notions of the interior as were adapted to their intellects 

 and mode of life. In India these African traits became early 

 mixed with the dawning? Iranianism of the more civilised Dra* 

 virion nations, as well us with Tibetan elements in the N. E. 

 As I refer the ruder African or Africo* Indian chiefly to the earliest 

 stage of the navigation of the Indian Ocean, that of fishing canoes, 

 X refer the more cultured to successive eras of commercial navi- 

 tion when African, early Arabian and, subsequently improved,, 

 imyaritic, Phoenician, Indian and Mayaxna boats gradually con- 

 nected all the shores of the Indian Ocean by a coasting trade, of 



* Bat Japan, Mexico, Peru &c, sppear to felt a 



