TUB BTHN0L0OT 0* TUB INDIAN ANCHlTSLAOa 81 



Gangetic basin before the em of the Iranian movement to 

 the eastward. The harsh)? angular or predomina!ingfoi no of tha 

 Mongolian head is not the moat prevalent Indonesian. It it 

 chiefly found amongst the western Malaya. To the 3.E. the finer 

 ovoid, verging often on the oval, predominates. 



Cu'toms <J-e. The narive tribes spread over the tract between 

 the Tsangpo and the China sea, including tbe dug" --Brahma- 

 pntra basin and portions of the basins of the Dekliaii, preserve 

 several stages of civilisation, and each of these is strongly 

 connected, and in most respect* identical, with different stages 

 existing in Asianesia. Before the htgbe- Gawjeticand Transindian 

 civilisations arose, tribes having simitar habits and customs, and 

 close affinities, physical and jingoistic, appear to have occu* 

 pied the whole or the greater part of the Ganges- Brahmaputra basin 

 and Ultrninrlia. Although they retain ever} where distinctive 

 traits, they have in manv places, and particularly : n the eastern 

 part of tiie Indian Archipelago, been long in contact with ibe 

 African tribes, or been subjected to African influences. The Afri- 

 can elements have gradually been softened, and many of them 

 expelled, in the principal races of the western part of the Ar- 

 chipelago, by the continued influx of Tibeto-Anara influences 

 in later epochs when the latter were themselves considerably 

 changed by a higher civilisation. In Polynesia the I udo- African 

 element remains strong, not only because the company or companies, 

 • that gave it a Tibeto-Anam population, were canted eastward and 

 isolated before later civilisations reached Indonesia, but became 

 the Tibeto-Anam races themselves, throughout their Indian and 

 Transiiidmn locations, were, at that early era, still deeply imbued 

 with the old barbaric development. The' culture of the land lying 

 between India and China, before the later civilisations of either 

 of these regions penetrated into it, was partly indigenous and 

 part y I ndc- African. The large presence of the African element 

 lu the pre-lranianand proto-lranian Indian, renders it difficult to 

 refer many insular traits to their true source. But several are 

 well marked and peculiar, and the chararter of the whole is 

 unmistakeable. As I cannot convey an accurate idea of the 

 Tibeto-Anam developments in Asianesta without first giving a 

 review of the ethnology of Transindia, and indicating the different 

 stages of culture in it and in India with which the successive post. 

 Iudo- African cultures are associated, I will only mention generally 

 the kind and variety of the facts by which tbe Tibeto-Anam origia 

 of these cultures will be established. Mere catalogues of ethnic 

 facts are not sufficient, because almost any two nations in the world 

 might furnish a more or less ample one of resemblances and 

 identifies. Races must be compared through the entirety of their 

 ethnic characteristics, and through the impressions loft "upon the 

 mind by the largest and most intimate knowledge thai we can 

 obtain of them. I will therefore add that whoever first makea 



