THI CTBWOtOQT OF *att tnBUK ABCHITItAOO. 89 



The Indian navigators fonnd a civilised nation in Java aurrounded 

 by the sawas or lawas of millett, and giving ths same mm a 

 to their land. Whore this Jawa id situated has not yet been 

 ascertained. It must have been on the northern coast of the more 

 eastern part of Java. • Its people, the Orang Jawa or Jom&t 

 were the nucleus of tbe civilisation of the land. They spread 

 themselves and their language over all the eastern part of Java- 

 retaining their original name ; and the Indians, following the usual 

 practice of foreigners, bestowed it on the whole Island. Riot 

 culture must have been imported by the Indians and gradually 

 superseded that of millet, but this did not affect the name of 

 the irrigated lands. Rice has one name nearly throughout the 

 world, and is evidently of Indian origin. 



TJn il ths ethnic history of the twin basins of the Ganges and thf 

 Brahmaputra and that of the Transindian lands have been well 

 investigated, the course of the Tibeto-Indian and Tranaindian 



rtthm. chiefly, but certainly not wholly, a eowttag one, was alow, and the 

 InbaMtanw of the more distant land* to which It extended, were, In general, 

 so barbarous end little commercial tbuunelves, that they appear • < he. v* audi a 

 practice of eatahlistiiog factories anil colonics. Even where they did not, 

 (ney mint, on e*ch voyage, have remained a considerable period iu the countries 

 the* frequented, disposing of tbdr esrgtjes, collecting produce, sad, In the Indian 

 Ocean waiting for the change in tbe saonsooM- Tbe mom distant voyages lasted, 

 from this cao«e, thteo yean, W« know that tba Phsnlciana had colonic* along 

 the whole limit of th«lr Mediterranean and Atlantic commerce and in the Persian 

 Gulf and that the Arab* we dished themselves at the mo« favorable trading place* 

 OA tba African and the Ind a > ■bore* of tbe Ocean, as far at least a* C«v ion on the 

 Utter. Ifibamot* timid I-idlana reached the Indian Archipelago 'at an early 

 perkd, It Is probable that the Arabs soon followed, if they did i>ot precede them, 

 even If we do not adopt the view* of those writ era who teller* that all tbe foreign 

 mt\m \ i of India wu In the hands of Arab*. There are leverd p^-agei In 

 ancient writings which tend to shew ihat there was a dire -t intercourse between the 

 Archipelago and Africa across the Indian Ocean. Tbe Ethiopians are said to have 

 bought dnnanwn lrcrsn their eastern nelghboari and to have * transporta-i It 

 throutrh the nut teas to Arabia hy the ravjur of the ea-*t wind, return! ru ortiy once 

 In five veorh." The notion of the proximity or continuity of tlie African and IndV 

 aejien "or rather S. E. Asian coasts, wbcih appears tohavebeen firmly rooteJ la 

 Indian and Arabian geography, could hardly have arisen eave hwn the aaa 

 having been crowed, because the tendency of mere coasting voyages from Arabia 

 to Africa on the one side and Indonesia on tbe otner, would .iav« been to exagge^'a 

 the distance, and throw the 9. W. and 8. E. extfemitlei of the Indian Ocean far 

 apart. The distance between Aden and Ceylon mu< have b-en grtatiy exagge* 

 rated before the monsoons were used, because all the sinuosities of a long 

 coasting voyaje without compass became part of the direct distance* Heica 

 the error nf Ptolemy's northern coast ot the Indian Ocean. A tendency to tble 

 kind ol error is inooaaUtent with the error i a thetouthern boundary, and the utter, 

 bad therefore, in ail probabilltr, an independent foundation- 



• Jawena probably (see note* p. 338), The connection ofthla word with Yrru-ri ajw 

 plied by the Uliidua to the western nations, and with the Jevan of the Bible lie IL 

 Arabia) is worth tracing. Saba, as the name of the flimyarirJc race, who probably 

 carried on the chief travle between India and the West, inay ha« orbriaatad the 

 BaoArit name. The name of another flimyaritic kin*, Santar, has also been widely 

 ■pread as a local name, Haowkand, tot. In Indonesia we nave taemar one ot (he 

 FbJllpine*, Samara an ancient name of Sumatra (also preserved in Ptokmy • name 

 for the s-rsic* ot Malacca, Sahara-en* Sinn*,) Samarang lie Compare aio another 

 Hectic uameo Bnine'.m. ALd-alas m,d thv. o! Mihkn w*i . tbe ancient PbcenWan 

 ■ames of ilolaka (now Malabo) and Andalusia, which but may be more saW 

 ^Un the Vandal are 



