216 



INJURIOUS INSECTS AND FUNGI. 



[Dec. 1894. 



lime-wash would be efficacious if it were well worked in after 

 the trees had been scraped. A useful tool for scraping the bark 

 is shown below : — 



A bark-scraper. 



Pieces of old sackcloth should be spread beneath the trees 

 duriog the scraping process to catch the bark and cocoons, which 

 should be burnt at once. 



The most important mode of prevention is to entrap the larvae 

 as they ascend the trees to make their cocoons. This is done 

 efFectivelj- in America, Australia, and Tasmania by fastening 

 bands of old cloth, rags, brown paper, hay, cake and manure 

 bags, and other suitable materials, round the trees not far from 

 the ground to stop the larvjB and collect them, so that they may 

 be taken from the bands and destroyed. The bands should be 

 tied tightly round the stems, so that the larvse cannot crawl 

 under them, and examined frequently, and the larvse removed. 

 In Tasmania, by the Act of Parliament alluded to above, regula- 

 tions prescribe the time and manner in which apple trees shall 

 be banded for the Codlin Moth. 



Pieces of rags, and old sacking or bagging, are also laid in the 

 forks of a])ple trees and their branches by American fruit growers 

 to catch the larvae, and are examined from time to time. 



The apples from infested trees should be picked up at once 

 and given to pigs. Sheep should be pastured in orchards, in 

 which they are always of the greatest service, as they would 

 eat the dropped infested fruit. Pigs, if it is possible to let them 

 run in the orchards, would be even better than sheep for this 

 purpose. In plantations, all windfalls from infested trees should 

 be picked up at once. If these apples are small and immature, 

 and not fit for " smashing,"" they should be given to pigs. In 

 cider-making districts, the places where apples have been laid in 

 heaps should be treated with hot lime dug into the ground some 

 distance round them, or the ground should be well watered with 

 strong soapsuds, or ammoniacal liquor, or liquid manure. 



Spraying apple trees for the Codlin Moth is extensively prac- 

 tised in Australia, Canada, and the United States, from all of 

 which countries the testimony in its favour is very strong, and 

 its use increases yearly. Various mixtures are adopted, but the 

 best and most general is Paris green put on in a liquid form. 

 The strength of the mixture recommended is 1 lb. of Paris green 

 to from 250 to 300 gallons of water, according to the state of 

 the foliage. Spraying should take place directly the young 

 apples are set, and repeated at the end of a fortnight, especially 



