154 INJURIOUS INSECTS AND FUNGI. [Sept. 189G. 



ill a curious manner, scoops out the inside, and remains, appa- 

 rently from 15 to 17 days in larval condition. Then it spins up 

 in the cherry and in its withered inflorescence in a densely thick 

 white cocoon, from which in about 15 days the beautiful little 

 moth comes forth. 



The only way of preventing or lessening this attack would 

 be to allow birds to remain unmolested in the cherry orchards 

 during June and July. This is obviously impracticable. During 

 these months the birds are scared from the orchards from early 

 morning till evening by the perpetual popping of guns, or they 

 would soon clear off the cherries. Swallows, which would clear 

 off these moths as they fly in s warms, are becoming lamentably 

 scarce throughout the country. 



Tomato Disease (Cladosporium ly coper sici). 



This disease has for some years past caused considerable 

 injury to tomatoes grown in houses and out of doors. It 

 attacks the young tomatoes at their styles, or stigmata — the 

 points which are seen at the lower ends of the fruits — for some 

 time after their formation, and rapidly spreads through the 

 fruits, causing decay and premature ripening, so that they are 

 quite unfit for use. 



This <c rot " must not be confounded witli the other tomato 

 affection known as " black rot " due to another fungus termed 

 Macrosporium tomato, Cooke. This attacks tomatoes in a 

 different maimer, and is not confined to the lower part, or 

 style end of the fruit. The colour of the rot is black, or 

 very dark green, and altogether much darker than the decay 

 consequent on the attack of Cladosporium lycopersici. The 

 tomato plants in all other respects appear perfectly healthy and 

 vigorous, and it is only when the fruits are about the size of a 

 horse chestnut that the unmistakable brown spot round the 

 style is apparent. 



It is frequently said that this disorder is caused by scorching 

 from the sun, but this is impossible, as the sun does not shine 

 directly upon the lower or style end of the fruit. It has been 

 conjectured also that the disease arises from unhealthy fructi- 

 fication, producing decay, which rapidly extends around the 

 style as it dries up. If the brown and decaying portion of 

 the fruit is closely examined with a microscope, it will be 

 plainly seen that the mycelium of a fungus is interwoven 

 amon": its tissues. When observed in tufts, or masses, the 

 fungus is olive-brown, but when in a single series it appears to 

 be almost colourless. The spores are cylindrical, slightly 

 pointed, and 1 to 6 septate, or even more. 



