Sept. 1896.] 



INJURIOUS INSECTS AND FUNGI. 



161 



the spring, and then changes to a brown shiny pupa, from which 

 the moth comes in June and July, and lays eggs upon the 

 fruit. 



In 1895 it was noticed that the walnuts upon a tree in an 

 apple orchard were injured, and that there were holes at their 

 lower ends, made through the then soft shell and the green 

 husk. Upon cutting the nuts open, slight injury was apparent 

 to the contents and some frass ; no caterpillars, however, could 

 be found, so that it seemed that the instinct of the caterpillars 

 led them to decamp before the shell had become hard. In his 

 monograph on " Insects Injurious to the Walnut," Mr. Theobald 

 states that he found the larva of Carpocapsa splendana in 

 walnuts and feeding upon them. The caterpillars of this species, 

 Mr. Theobald points out, live usually in chestnuts, just as those 

 of the Carpocapsa pomonella feed naturally on apples. 



The only methods of preventing this attack are those recom- 

 mended in the case of apple trees. Grass round infested trees 

 should be brushed or fed off close and collected and burnt, so 

 as to destroy the larvae that have made cocoons in the grass or 

 rubbish under the trees. As a rule the larvae ascend the trees 

 and make cocoons in the interstices of the bark. The most 

 important method of prevention, therefore, is to fasten bands of 

 old sacking, old cloth, old manure bags, or other suitable 

 material round the trees, not far from the ground, to stop the 

 larvae and collect them, so that they may be taken from the 

 bands and destroyed. 



The Hop Bug (Calocoris fulvomaculatus, De Geer). 



1. Perfect insect (mag.). 2. Pupa (mag.). 



This insect is different from that described and figured in 

 the Journal of the Board of Agriculture in December 1895, 

 although it injures the hop plants in a similar manner and has 

 somewhat similar habits. 



It was very troublesome in the spring of this year in many 

 hop plantations, especially where the bine was at all backward 

 and weak. The attack commenced about the middle of May 



