so 



FOUR ALLIES OF THE WINTER MOTH. 



The caterpillars of several other moths, besides those of 

 the winter moth, cause harm to apple trees in the spring, 

 when the leaves and blossoms are forming. In some seasons, 

 when there is a bad attack, as many as four distinct species 

 ■of caterpillars have been found devouring the foliage and 

 bloom, in company with the winter moth caterpillars 

 ■{Cheimatohia bruniatd). These last are considerably smaller 

 than the other species found with them, and differ in colour 

 from them, except perhaps in the case of the caterpillars of 

 the Anisopteryx mscularia^ though the green colour of these is 

 more vivid than that of the Winter Moth caterpillars, and they 

 are, besides, easily distinguished by their greater size and 

 different shape. The four species found in the company of 

 the Winter Moth"^ caterpillars are the " Mottled Umber" or 

 " Great Winter Moth " {Hyhernia defoliaria)^ the " Scarce 

 Umber" {^Hyhernia aurantiarid)^ the " Pale Brindled Beauty" 

 {Phygalia pilosaria)^ and the " March Moth " {^Anisopteryx 

 .cescularia). There are two other moths whose caterpillars 

 have been seen on apple trees in the spring, the " Belted 

 Beauty " {Nyssia zonaria) and the Small Brindled Beauty" 

 '{Nyssm hispidarid)^ but these are comparatively rare, and 

 need not be described. 



The males of all these species of moths are winged, and 

 are bright and attractive in colour, while the females are dull 

 coloured and wingless, or have mere rudimentary wings. The 

 females crawl up fruit trees and other trees, and fruit bushes, 

 and deposit eggs on the bark or twigs, from which caterpillars 

 come in the early spring, just as the leaves shoot and the 

 blossoms form. 



* A description of the "Winter Moth" {Cheimatohia brumata), with methods of 

 prevention and remedies, will be found in Leaflet No. 4, which may be obtained 

 free of charge and post free, upon application to the Secretary, Board of Agriculture, 

 .4, Whitehall Place, London, S.W. 



