English Orchards. 



are noted upon them they should not be planted, nor should 

 grafts be taken from trees with the least indications of 

 canker. Infected branches should be at once cut away 

 from trees and burnt. 



Another fungus, termed Deniafophora necatrix^ lives upon 

 the roots of apple trees and many other fruit-trees. Young 

 trees upon which the long white filaments of this fungus 

 are discovered should be rejected before they are planted. 

 It is not uncommon for this fungus to become established 

 in nurseries, and as it has the power of sending out its fila- 

 ments from root to root through the intervening earth, it is 

 most difficult to eradicate. It is called " blanc des racines," 

 or " pourridie," in France, and is very injurious in apple 

 orchards, as shown by M. Crie,* who says that it is due to 

 the persistent planting of cankered trees, or those upon whose 

 roots the mycelia of the Dematophora flourish. The fungus 

 Fusuladmm dendritictnii appears ori the leaves in the form 

 of black spots, with a greenish tinge, which gradually 

 cover the whole surface of the leaf and kill it. Similar 

 spots appear on the young apples, producing scab,'' 

 disfiguring the fruit, and hindering its proper development. 

 When this is seen the trees should be sprayed with bouillie 

 iordelaise^ composed of from 6 to 8 lbs. of sulphate of 

 copper and 3 to 4 lbs. of lime to 100 gallons of water, 

 when the apples are formed. This should be repeated a 

 week or so later, but it must not be done when the 

 apples have attained to a large size. The spores 

 of this fungus, or the sclerotia, as some affirm, pass 

 the winter on the bark and rind of the stems and twigs ; 

 therefore winter spraying with strong sulphate of copper 

 solutions would be of benefit in respect of this as well as 

 •ether fungi. Ripe rot [Gkeospormni fnictigeiuini, Berkeley), 

 which attacks ripening apples, would also be checked by 

 spra3dng with sulphate of copper solutions as recommended 

 for Fusicladiuni dcndriticum^ and all apples that fall from 

 affected trees must be picked up and buried deeply or burned. 



Another disorder that is frequent in apple orchards, 

 especially in those that have been neglected and 



* Rapport sur le deperissement des Pommiers. By M. L. Ciie. 



