English Orchards. 



by farmers, fruit-growers, and market-gardeners are Clapp's 

 Favourite, Doyenne d'Ete, Jargonelle, Williams Bon Chre- 

 tien, Hessle, Beurre de Capiaumont, Fertility (a most 

 valuable variety), Beurre Clairgeau, Beurre Riche, Beurre de 

 rAssomption, Pitmaston Duchess, Marie Louise, Doyenne du 

 Comice, Glou Morceau, and Easter Beurre. 

 . All the varieties of apples and pears named above have 

 been proved to be suitable as bush trees and half-standards, 

 and flourish upon soils where apples and pears can be 

 ordinarily grow^n successfully. 



There are several modes of arranging apple and pear bush 

 trees and half-standards, depending mainly upon the soil and 

 situation. In some cases bush or dwarf trees are planted 

 alone, at distances varying from 8 feet (680 bush trees to the 

 acre) to 10 feet apart (435 trees to the acre), and neither fruit 

 bushes, raspberry canes, nor any other crops, except perhaps 

 vegetables or strawberries, are planted between the bush 

 trees for the first two or three years. It is held that by this 

 system the crop of apples and pears is far better in quantity 

 and quality than when bush fruit or other crops are grown 

 between the trees. Occasionally a plantation is seen in which 

 the apple and pear bush trees are only 6 feet apart, giving 

 1,210 trees per acre ; but this is too close — at least upon good 

 land. Another arrangement is to put standard apple or pear 

 trees 30 feet apart (48 trees per acre), and to set bush trees 

 of apples and pears between them, 1 5 feet apart, w^hich come 

 quickly into bearing and are removed when the standards 

 are fully developed. Sometimes, between the bush trees or 

 dwarfs, gooseberries, currants or raspberries are put in ; 

 but after some years it is necessary to remove these, as 

 they interfere with the dwarf trees, which are themselves in 

 turn also removed. 



A good arrangement is to plant half-standard plum trees 

 and half-standard apple trees in alternate rows 15 feet apart, 

 or 192 trees per acre. When the apple trees begin to en- 

 croach upon the plum trees the latter are pruned away, and 

 finally removed when the apple trees require more space. 

 Fruit bushes (gooseberries and currants) are sometimes 

 planted between the plum trees and apple trees, and are 



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