3^4 



Dairying in Holland. 



The total wool clip for the year 1897 was estimated at 

 nearly 224,282,0001b., or over 30,ooo,ooolb. less than in the 

 previous year. The wool grown in the colony of New South 

 Wales is shipped principally to England, America, France, 

 Germany, and Japan. 



The number of pigs in the colony was 207,738, being a 

 decrease of 6,852 on the returns for the previous year. 



Dairying in Holland. 



The following particulars relating to the Dutch dairying 

 industry have been summarised from a report by Herr Petersen 

 to the German Agricultural Society, published in the Milch 

 Zeitwigoi 15th October, 1898. 



In the four years 189 1-4 the imports of butter into Holland 

 amounted on the average to about 40,000 cwts. ; and the ex- 

 ports to 260,000 cwts. Of this total some 160,000 to 180,000 

 cwts. were annually shipped to England, and an average of 

 40,000 to 60,000 cwts. (in 1892-4) to Belgium; the export (chiefly 

 of preserved butter) to the Dutch colonies also forming a 

 not inconsiderable item. 



For several years past the Dutch have paid great attention 

 to improvement of the preparation and marketing of butter. 

 Peasant proprietorship being almost everywhere the rule, co- 

 operative dairies have in a comparatively short time attained 

 great importance, and these associations are constantly ex- 

 tending. In the north, the dairies are generally large, but in 

 the south there many small co-operative dairies ; which, how- 

 ever, it would appear, are gradually being transformed into 

 cream-stations, so as to allow of the concentration of butter- 

 making in larger factories. 



In some localities, with a view to making cheese, the cream, 

 at least during certain periods of the year, is separated by 

 the Schwartz process instead of by a centrifugal separator. 

 The cream is often pasteurised. Artificial cultures are fre- 

 quently used, and sometimes the large dairies themselves pre- 

 pare the natural pure cultures. In large establishments suitable 



