Dec. 1895.] 



INJURIOUS INSECTS AND FUNGI. 



315 



hoes, and more lime, or a mixture consisting of two bushels of 

 lime to one of soot, applied. 



Hand-picking may be adopted also in the spring in gardens 

 and on small fruit farms where there is serious infestation. But 

 in large plantations this could hardly be carried out. 



A mixture of lime and soot thrown upon the leaves of infested 

 trees very early in the morning while the dew is on them has 

 proved of considerable advantage. Powdered hellebore is effica- 

 cious, and can be put on with bellows made especially for the 

 purpose. But hellebore is poisonous and most dangerous if put on 

 when the fruit is formed. Syringing with soft soap acd quassia, at 

 the rate of 6 lbs. of soft soap and the extract of 7 lbs. of quassia to 

 100 gallons of water, has been found very effective. Many cater- 

 pillars are dislodged, and it is found that they do not like 

 the leaves that have been syringed with quassia. Paraffin 

 " emulsion," made with 6 pints of oil and 3^ lbs. of soft soap, 

 mixed well together in 4 pints of water and diluted with 25 times 

 its volume of water, has been used with advantage. This should 

 be well and constantly stirred, and put on witli a fine spray. 

 It will not, however, do to use the emulsion when the fruit is 

 of any size, as the oil will flavour it. 



The Plum Moth {Garpocaiysa {Ox>adia) funehrana). 



1, moth, magnified ; 2, caterpillar, magnified; 3, moth, nat. size ; 4, caterpillar, 



nat. size. 



The habits of this Plum Moth closely resemble those of the 

 Codlin Moth, Garpocapsa pomonella, though, fortunately, it 

 is not nearly so abundant. But, like many other moths, the 

 Plum Moth was unusually plentiful in the summer of 1895, 

 owing to the warm dry season, and the Codlin Moth was 

 destructive beyond precedent in many orchards. The cater- 

 pillar of the Plum Moth sometimes causes plums to drop 

 prematurely, thus spoiling the fruit, and rendering it useless. 

 More frequently infested plums remain on the trees until they 

 are gathered. The external signs of infestation in plums are 



