332 



Russian Live Stock Industry. 



stock in 71 governments of the Russian Empire. The 

 numbers of each class of live stock are given as under : — 





Horses. 



Cattle. 



Sheep and 

 Goats. 



Swine. 



Other 

 Animals. 



50 Governments of 

 European Russia 



19.681,769 



32,913,228 



49,643,410 



ii,370,5H 



166,182 



10 Governments of 

 Poland - 



1,393,908 



3,003,629 



2.548,081 



1,259,001 



18 



11 Governments in 

 Caucasia, Siberia, 

 and Central Asia. 



4,886,029 



7,670,040 



21,003,832 



1,294,942 



202,879 



Total - 



25,961,706 



43,586,897 



70,647,322 



13^924,454 



369,079 



No comparison is made in the Return with the results of 

 earlier enumeration. The figures for 1900 of the estimated 

 numbers of live stock in the 60 governments of European 

 Russia and Poland compare, however, with those returned 

 for the same area in 1888 as follows : — 





Horses. 



Cattle. 



Sheep and Goats. 



Swine. 



1888 



1900 



20,867,000 

 21,076,000 



27,622,000 

 35,917,000 



49,613,000 

 52,191,000 



10,742,000 

 12,629,000 



From these figures it would appear that in the 60 govern- 

 ments all classes of live stock are now held in larger 

 numbers than in j888. The most marked increase is in 

 cattle, which are more numerous by 8,295,000 head; sheep 

 and goats follow with an increase of 2,578,000 ; while pigs 

 and horses number respectively 1,887,000 and 209,000 more 

 than at the earlier date. 



In the published results of the inquiry of last year a dis- 

 tinction is made between the numbers of live stock on the 

 estates of private owners and on peasants' holdings,* the 



* Prior to 1861 all peasants were serfs of the State, the Crown or the nobility, but 

 by the Emancipation Act of 1861, the peasants were relieved from all personal 

 dependence on the landowners, and endowed, with few exceptions, with the lands 

 they were occupying at the time, and in certain cases, as in the western governments, 

 the peasants' holdings were enlarged. These peasants' holdings, or lots, were por- 

 tioned out to communes on certain terms of redemption. Thus all the lands in Russia 



