English Coppices and Copsewoods. 



487 



standards at each fall we may be sure Evelyn would have 

 detailed it carefully. 



The principle underlying the more scientific method can be 

 briefly stated. On very good soil with favourable situation 

 as many as about seventy-five standards of oak, and more of 

 ash, may perhaps be retained with profit. This gives on the 



average an individual growing-space of 43 5 60 _ gc ^ ^ 



1 5 



per standard, and tli3 average distance at which these would 

 stand from each other will be ^580, or about 24 ft., while the 

 number of trees in the various age-class will be as shown 

 above in the two tabular statements on page 485. The 

 standards belonging to each age-class should be distributed 

 as equally as possible over the whole area, though this is 

 merely a sort of normal or ideal condition to be aimed at 

 rather than really achievable. 



If the quality of the land be such that the stems should 

 not be closer than about twenty-seven feet apart, which 

 would represent a soil and situation of fair medium quality, 

 then there could only be about sixty standards (of oak, more 



of ash) per acre C^fc~ — 7 2 & sq. ft., and = about 



27 ft.), and these would be distributed in the proportion of 

 I., 4; II., 8 ; III., 16 ; IV., 32 = 60 in all. 



If it seem advisable not to have them cl rssr than thirty 

 feet on the average, as on land of rather inferior quality, then 

 there could only be about forty-eight stems (of oak) left per 



acre (30 x 30 = 900 sq. ft, and = 48 standards), and 



these would be in the proportion of I., 3; II., 6; III., 12 ; 

 IV., 24 = 45 in all. 



And, in much the same manner, the distances at which the 

 individual trees of each class should stand, on the average, 

 can also be estimated. If there are four old trees of Class I., 

 or one to every quarter acre, then their average distance will 



be V — — = 104 feet, or 34 to 35 yards apart; and so on. 

 4 



But, of course, mathematical precision of this sort is quite un- 

 attainable in practice, seeing that the selection of stores and 



