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JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



exposure, the sap wood lighter; specific gravity, 0*3322; ash, 0'33; 

 largely used in boat -building, for wooden-ware, cooperage, shingles, 

 interior finish, telegraph and fence posts, railway ties, &c. (Ch. S. 

 Sargent, "Forest Trees of Korth America"). Along the Atlantic 

 coast, from New Jersey southward, lumber is manufactured from 

 buried trunks of this species dug from peat swamps. 



The wood, on account of its lightness and its power of resisting 

 alternations of dryness and moisture, is in common use at Baltimore 

 and Philadelphia for shingles, which are cut transversely to the con- 

 centric circles, and not parallel to them like shingles of the deciduous 

 Cypress, Taxodium distichnm. They are from 2 feet to 2 feet 3 inches 

 long, from 4 inches to 6 inches broad, and three lines thick at the larger 

 end. At Baltimore they are commonly called Juniper shingles, and 

 are there preferred to those of the deciduous Cypress, as they are 

 larger and free from the defect of splitting when nailed upon the 

 rafters. Some of the houses of Philadelphia, Baltimore, and New 

 York have been covered with them, and large quantities are exported 

 to the West Indies. The shingles of the White Cedar are much more 

 durable and secure from worms than those of the White Pine, generally 

 lasting from 30 to 35 years. The wood is also considered well adapted 

 for joinery and for household utensils. In Philadelphia there is a 

 distinct class of mechanics called Cedar coopers, w^ho make pails, 

 wash-tubs, churns, &c., of the wood of this tree for both the home 

 and the foreign markets. These utensils are held together with hoops 

 made of young Cedars stripped of their' bark, and split down the 

 middle. In some places the sides of fishing-boats are covered with 

 White Cedar clap-boards, which are preferred to those of the deciduous 

 Cypress, as being lighter, more durable, and less liable to split. The 

 wood makes excellent sounding-boards for pianofortes ; and casks 

 formed of it are found better than any others for preserving oils. The 

 young wood makes an excellent charcoal for gunpowder ; and the 

 smoke of the seasoned wood afi"ords a beautiful lampblack, which 

 weighs less and is more intensely coloured than that obtained from 

 any species of Pine. When employed as fence-wood, the rails of 

 young trees, either entire or split down the middle, and deprived of 

 their bark, last from 50 to 60 years (J. C. Loudon, "Arboretum et 

 Fruticetum Britannicum, " ed. 2, iv. 2476). 



Chamgecyparis sphseroidea, of about 100 years of age, have in some 

 Danish gardens grown to a height of nearly 50 feet. A tree, lately 

 measured, planted in 1845, has attained a height of 26 feet. 



C. s. andelyensis, Carr. Conif. ed. 2, 123. Chainsecyparis 

 leptoclada, Hochst. Betinospora leptoclada, Hort. 



This shrub, which is often cultivated in England under the name 

 of Reti)iospora leptoclada, originated many years ago in the nursery of 

 M. Canchois, at Andelys, in France. It appeared among a batch of 

 seedlings of C. sphccroidea, and the proprietor, finding it of very 



