piXETUM DAxicr:\r. 



289 



t. 155 ; Newb. Bot. Williams Exped. t. 10 ; Moggr. Fl. Ment. t. 65 ; 

 Webb. Phvtogr. Canar. t. 217 ; Beissn. is^adelh. 103. 



Some writers derive the word Juniperus from juneprtis, rough or 

 rude (Celt.), the plants of this genus being stiff shrubs ; or from 

 juniores pariens, the young and old leaves and berries being on the 

 plant at the same time ; but the plant, having been used for purposes 

 of abortion, obviously gives its true derivation from juvenh and 

 yario. 



Flowers dioecious. The males, axillary or terminal catkins ; female 

 ones very short, small axillary bud-like bodies, bracteated at the base. 



Fruit a globular kind of berry, composed of a fleshy or fibrous 

 juicy substance, covered with a glossy skin more or less furnished ex- 

 ternally with minute scales, and sometimes angular and naked at the 

 apex. 



Seeds from one to five, but mostly three in each fruit, obscurely 

 three-cornered, and covered with a hard bony covering, having gland- 

 bearing pits towards the base. 



Leaves simple, opposite or ternate, lanceolate, scale-like, and 

 either in extended whorls or closely imbricated in four rows. 



Cotyledons two. 



All evergreen shrubs or small trees, found in the temperate and 

 frigid regions of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. 



The trees and shrubs belonging to this genus generally produce the 

 male and female flowers on separate plants, with the leaves most sharp- 

 pointed, stiff, and usually in whorls of three ; but sometimes they are 

 mere scales, closely imbricated in four rows (as in the Cypress), or 

 occasionally both kinds occur on the same plant at different stages of 

 its growth. The male strobili are small ovate bodies, and either 

 placed at the ends of the branchlets or in the axil of the leaves, and 

 with from four to eight one-celled anthers at the back of each scale. 

 The fertile catkins consist of three fleshy scales, at first nearly con- 

 cealed by imbricated bracts, from which they gradually rise, grow 

 more succulent, and finally become consolidated into a small, round, 

 fibrous, spongy berry, enclosing from one to three bony seeds, but 

 mostly three, which are convex on one side and angular on the other. 

 The berries (galbules), when ripe, are for the most part either of a 

 deep purple, black, or reddish brown, and when crushed emit a strong 

 resinous smell. 



J. Bermudiana, Linn. Cednis Bermv.dx, Rai, Letters, 71. 

 J. oppositifolia, Moench. Meth. 698. J. harhadensis, Linn, ex Gord. 

 Pinet. I.e. (not Mich.). J. Bermudiana, Linn. Spec. 1471 ; Hermann, 

 Cat. Hort, Lugdun, Batav. 315 (cum ic.), 317 ; Loud. Arbor, iv. 2498, 

 f. 2358 ; Spach, Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, xvi. 301, 698, and Hist. Veg. 

 Phan. xi. 321 ; Hook, in Lond. Journ. of Bot. ser. 2, ii. 141, t. 1 ; 

 Desf. Hist. Arbor, ii. 559 ; Endl. Syn. Conif. 29 ; Lindl. and Gord. 

 Journ. Hort. Soc. v. 202 ; Knight, Syn. Conif. 12 ; Carr. Man. des 



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