314 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



in tlie South of England, and on schistous, basaltic, and other rocks 

 in the North of England ; and in Scotland it is particularly abundant 

 on the north side of the mountains near Loch Lomond. In Ireland 

 it grows in the crevices of rocks, at an elevation of 1,200 feet, but at 

 that height it assumes the appearance of a low shrub. According to 

 Templeton, it is rarely, if ever, found there in a state which can be 

 considered truly wild. The Yew is rather a solitary than a social tree, 

 being generally found either alone or with trees of a different species. 

 In England, and also, as Pallas tells us, in the Caucasus, it grows 

 under the shade of the Beech, which few other evergreens will do. 



It grows wild in West Norway up to lat. 62^° N. In East Norway 

 it goes to 60° 28^ In Sweden it thrives near the coast, and is 

 growing wild up to 61". In Finland it is not growing wild. On the 

 Aaland Island it only grows as a small shrub. In Denmark the only 

 place it is growing wild is at Munkehjerg, the beautifully situated 

 hotel near the town of Veile, in Jutland. These fine plants are seen 

 growing together with many Ilex, &c. Formerly the Yew was 

 much more widely spread in Denmark, but owing to the value of the 

 wood the wild plants have been destroyed in most parts of the 

 country. 



Professor F. C. Schilbeler says in his " Yiridarium," 1886, that the 

 only variety of those he tried at Christiania that flourished was 

 T. haccata pendula. Several times he planted T. haccata fastigiata 

 or hihernica ; sometimes it grew tolerably well, but ordinarily it 

 suffered to such a degree that it could not be used for decoration ; 

 but at the marine establishment at Horten, at the Christianiafjord 

 (59° 51^), this form for many years did very well, and has reached 

 a height of 13 to 14 feet. 



The Yew is also found in Algeria, on Mount Taurus in Cilicia, in 

 Greece, in Armenia, and, according to Parlatore, as far eastwards as 

 the River Amour. On the Himalayas it occurs at a height of 

 10,000 feet, and spreads eastwards from Kashmir to Assam and the 

 Khasya Hills ; also in Japan and the Philippine Islands. 



In a wild state the Yew affords food to birds by its berries, and an 

 excellent shelter to them during severe weather, and at night by 

 its dense evergreen foliage, but no insects live on it ; and the male 

 plant at least is credited with being poisonous. 



It is admirably adapted for underwood, because, like the Holly 

 and the Box, it thrives under the shade and drip of other trees. 

 When planted in masses by itself, the trees are drawn up with straight 

 trunks, like Pines and Firs, and in good loamy soil, on a cool bottom, 

 plantations of Yews, treated in this manner, must be highly valuable, 



T. b. adpressa, Carr. Man. des PI. iv. 380, and Conif. 731. 

 T. adpressa, Gord. Pinefc. 310. . T. sinensis tarcliva, Knight, Syn. 

 Conif. 52. T. hrevifolia, hort. T. parvifoUa, Wender, Conif. 42. 

 T. haccata onicrophyUa, Jacq. T. cuspidata, Sieb. and Zucc. Koch, 



