PINETUM i)AXICUMj 



345 



^92. Pinus, Larix, Pseud olarix, Cedrus, and Abies, Henk. and 

 Hoclist. Syn. der Nadelli. 19, 128, 139, 140, 147. Keteleeria, Carr. in 

 Rev. Hort, ann. 186G, 449. Tsuga, Pseudotsuga, Keteleeria, Abies, 

 Picea, Larix, Pseudolarix, Cedrus, and Pinus, Carr. Conif. ed. 2, 

 245, 256, 260, 265, 317, 351, 363, 366, 381 ; Pari, in DC. Prodr. 

 xvi. 2, 377 (sub-genus) ; C. Koch, Dendr. ii. 269 ; Eiclil. in Engl, 

 and Prantl, Natiirl. Pflf. ii. 70 ; Willk. Forstl. Fl. 161 ; Engelm. 

 Rev. Gen. Pinus, in Trans. Acad. Sc. St. Louis, iv. 161, t. 1-3. 



Mou-ers monoecious ; the male catkins laterally placed in dense 

 masses around the shoots in a kind of spike, the female solitary or in 

 ■\vliorls, and terminal. 



Cones more or less conical, and woody ; some species keep them 

 closed for many years. 



Scales numerous, persistent, more or less elevated, pyramidal, 

 swollen, and imbricated. 



Seeds oval, -with a hard bony shell, and either furnished with ample 

 wings or wingless. 



Cotyledons numerous. 



Leaves in sheaths of two, three, or five in number, seldom only 

 one ; somewhat cylindrical, or concave on one side and convex on the 

 other ; persistent, and pointed. 



All evergreen trees, found in Europe, Asia., and America, with 

 one in Africa (P. canariensis). 



It was Toumefort who, in 1700, was the first to clearly describe 

 the pitch trees, and to distinguish those known at that time into the 

 following genera as they stand to-day : Pinus, Larix, Cedrus, Picea, 

 and Abies. Linnaeus, fifty-three years later, in his " Systema ISTaturse," 

 crowded these genera all back into one genus as Pinus, while other 

 families of Gymnospermse found other places in his artificial system 

 along with plants that are very different from them. IS'early a hundred 

 years later, Bongard in 1834, Don in 1835, Link in 1841, Loudon in 

 1842, Spach in 1842, Endlicher in 1847, Carriere in 1855, Gordon in 

 1858, and Parlatore in [1868 reclassified and redescribed the cone- 

 bearers, each scientist doing something towards eliminating the Pine 

 from the rest, and each from the others, arriving ultimately at substan- 

 tially the same classification that Tournefort had reached a hundred 

 years previously. The Pines compose the largest genus of the Coniferse, 

 and most of the species are very valuable. 



P. albicaulis, Engelm. in Trans. Acad, of Sciences of Saint 

 Louis, ii. 209. P. flexilis, James, var. albicaulis, I. c. P. cemhroides 

 Newberry, Rep. on Bot. Williamson's Exped. vi. 44, fig. 15 (not 

 Zucc. nor Gord.). P. Shasta, Carr. Conif. ed. 2, 390. 



Habitat. — Coast ranges of British Columbia, from the valley of the 

 Letasyouco River (G. M. Dawson), south along the Cascade and Blue 

 Mountains of Washington Territory and Oregon, extending east along 

 the high ranges of Northern Washington Territory to the eastern 



