PINETUM DANICUM. 



355 



soon becomes rancid. The shells of the kernels, steeped in any kind 

 of spirits, yield a fine red colour (Loudon^ "Arboretum et Fruticetum 

 Britannicum," 1844, iv. 2278). 



P. Cemhra has in Danish parks and forests attained a height of 

 about 70 feet. One specimen, planted in 1845, is now 42 feet high 

 and 3 feet 2 inches in girth ; and another, also recently measured, 

 planted in 1864, 30 feet high and 3 feet in girth. Cones often ripen 

 in Denmark. 



P. Cemhra grows very well in Southern and Middle Sweden, and 

 in the vicinity of Stockholm. It grows more than a foot a year. It 

 even grows well in Aangermanland and South Norbotten at about 64°. 

 It grows also at Wiborg (60° 45'), in Finland. 



P. C. sibirica, Loud. When travelling in Russia I discovered that 

 the seeds of this variety were much liked, and that they were exported 

 to parts of Scandinavia, where they are called " Russer-nodder," that 

 is, Russian nuts. The Russian farmers often do much harm to the 

 few and very scattered forests of this tree, as they do not hesitate to cut 

 down trees merely for the sake of collecting the seeds. 



Habitat. — Eastern Russia, and in Siberia. In Russia the border- 

 line for its distribution forms a half-circle whose convexity turns to the 

 west. The south border is on the west of Ural, in the northern part 

 of the government of Perm, about 59° (or perhaps already at Jekaterin- 

 bourg, 56|° — Eversmann). Farther to the west the border-line goes 

 into the government of Wiaetka (58°), and from there NNW. to 

 Solwytschegodsk (61|°), where it reaches its most western point. 

 It further goes, first NE. and afterwards right E., to Ural, where 

 it reaches its most northern point, at 64^° (A. E. v. Baer and Gr. v. 

 Helmeisen, " Beitriige zur Kenntniss cles Russisclien Reiches," xviii. 

 17, Petersbourg, 1856). Schrenck says ("Reisein den Nordosten," 

 &c. p. 30) that the Cembra Pine has been found at the Petschora 

 River (about 66°), in the governuient of Archangel. In the southern 

 part of the Jenesei Valley (59 i°) it is recorded that the Cembra Pine 

 (the Siberian form) here and there grows in forests without any other 

 trees (Ath. v. Middendorf, " Reise in den ilussersten IS orden und 

 Osten Siberiens," iv. 557). Farther to the north it is more and 

 more spread amongst other trees. Near Krasnojarsk (56° 1') and 

 Jeneseisk (58° 27') the Cembra Pine and the Larch {Larix dhirica) 

 also grow to gigantic dimensions. The Cembra Pine is said to reach 

 a height of over 200 feet (62*7 metres), and to attain at the base a 

 diameter of 6 feet (1*8 metre). It reaches its northern limit at Pala- 

 vinskoj (69° 10'). (" Bihang til Kgl. Svenska Yetenskaps Academiens 

 Handlinger," vol. iv. No. 11, pp. 41, 42 ; and Chr. Ed. Otto, 

 " Hamburger Garten- und Blumenzeitung," 1877, p. 205.) 



The above notes on the distribution of this interesting Pine are 

 taken from Professor F. C. Schiibeler's ^'Yiridarium Norvegicum," 

 1886, i. 389. 



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