37^ JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HOr^l'lCULTURAL SOCIETY. 



and in Servia. Prof. Hauskneclit, of Weimar, found many plants of 

 this species, always on clialky ground. 



Introduced in 1864 by Maly, court gardener, who discovered it 

 and brought it home to Belvidere, in Vienna. 



Of this interesting species there is given a good description by 

 Prof. Glinther, Knight of Beek von Managetta, in the Wiener 

 Illustr. Gartenze itung. 



We possess only very young plants, but these may prove hardy. 



P. longifolia, Roxb. Mss. ; PL Ind. Orient, iii. 651 ; Lamb. 

 Pinet. ed. 2, i. 43, t. 26, 27 ; Royle, Himal. 32, t. 85, f. 2 ; Loud. 

 Arbor, iv. 2252, f. 2148-52, and Encycl. of Trees, 996, f. 1865-66 ; 

 Forb. Pinet. Wob. 55, t. 20 ; Loisel. Nouv. Duham. 247 ; Ant. Conif. 

 29, t. 9 ; Link in Linn£ea, xv. 508 ; Spach, Hist. Veg. Phan. xi. 390 ; 

 Hoffm. Bot. Zeit. 1846, 184 ; Endl. Syn. Conif. 158 ; Lindl. and 

 Gord. Journ. Hort. Soc. v. 216 ; Knight, Syn. Conif. 30 ; Carr. Man. 

 des PI. iv. 351, and Tr. Gen. Conif. 332 ; Gord. Pinet. 200 ; Henk, 

 and Hochst. Syn. der Nadelh. 72 ; Beissn. Nadelh. 251. F. Serena- 

 gensis, Madd. ex Gord. I. c. (?) P. Timoriensis, Loud, ex Henk. and 

 Hochst. I. c. 



Habitat. — Along the Himalayas from Bhotan to Afghanistan, at 

 an elevation of about 1,625 feet above sea-level ; at Simla on higher 

 elevations ; in Kamaon and Gurhwal, north as far as the Pindur, large 

 forests are to be found mostly comprising this species only. 



It is called "Cheer " by the hill people in India— a word, according: 

 to some, meaning "bark," or "rind," so conspicuous on old trees ;, 

 but, according to others, from its milk or turpentine, which it produces 

 in great abundance. It is called "Sulla" by the mountain people 

 from Nepaulto Buschur, a term denoting "to spread fragrance," which 

 this tree does to a remarkable extent. On the upper banks of the 

 Thelum River it is styled by the people " Anunder " ; and throughout 

 Kangara and the eastern hills it is named " Cheel," " GuUa," and 

 " Thansa," or "Tanshing." There are two varieties: one, which 

 has its woody fibre twisted, but open in the grain, and of a white 

 colour, and called " Kutcha " by the natives ; the other, in which the 

 fibres are straight, has reddish and compact wood, and is called 

 "Pucka"; but this character is not permanent, as sometimes the 

 wood, though white, is compact and straight-fibred. The reddish 

 wood, however, is preferred by the natives, and sold under the name 

 of "Dadar." The twisted kind, being subject to warp and split, is 

 rejected, and never used for architectural purposes ; but the Cheel 

 timber, found growing in all places at an elevation of 5,000 feet and 

 upwards, with a northern aspect and on poor soil, is invariably the 

 straight-fibred kind, and the timber is good. Again, in southern 

 localities and lower down, it is twisted in the fibre, and of but little 

 use for housebuilding and similar purposes. The better variety, how- 

 ever is extensively used for boat-building in India ; but boats built 



