388 



JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



267 ; Poir. in Lam. Diet. v. 339 ; Pers. Syn. ii. !578 ; Desf. Hist. 

 Arb.ii. 612; Smith in Pees' Cycl. xxviii. N'o. 3; Pursli, Fl. Am. 

 Sept. ii. 642 ; Eaton, Manual, 110, and ed. 6, 264 ; Nutt. Gen. 

 ii. 223; Hayne, Dend. Fl. 173; Spreng. Syst. ii. 886; Torr. 

 Compend. Fl. KU. States, 360 ; Fl. N. York, ii. 227; Beck, Bot. 

 339 ; Loud. Arbor, iv. 2210, f. ^?094-97 ; Forb. Pinet. Wob. 19, 

 t. 6 ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. 161, in part ; Eaton and Wright, Bot. 

 358 ; Bigelow, Fl. Boston, ed. 3, 384 ; Lindl. in Penn. Cycl. xvii. 

 170 ; Ant. Conif. 7, t. 4, f. 1 ; Link in Linnsea, xv. 501 ; End!. 

 Syn. Conif. 178 ; Knight, Syn. Conif. 27 ; Lindl. and Gord. in Journ. 

 Hort. Soc. Lond. v. 219 ; Parry in Owen's Rep. 618 ; Carr. Tr. Gen. 

 Conif. 401 ; Gord. Pinet. 183 (exch syn. Loiseleuriana), and ed. 2, 

 256 ; Richardson, Arctic Exped. 441 ; Cooper in Smithsonian Pep. 

 1858, 257 ; Wood, CI. Book, 661, and Bot. and Fl. 313 ; Henk. and 

 Hochst. Nadelh. 45 (excl. syn. Loiseleuriana) ; Sargent, Forest Trees 

 of N. Amer. 191 ; Hoopes, Evergreens, 102 ; Gray, Man. N.U. States, 

 ed. 5, 470 ; Pari, in DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 388 ; Koch, Dendr. ii. 2, 286 ; 

 Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 30 ; Macoun in Geolog. Rep. Canada, 

 1875-76, 211 ; Engelm. in Trans. St. Louis Acad. iv. 179 ; Sears in 

 Bull. Essex Inst. xiii. 185 ; Bell in Geolog. Rep. Canada, 1879-80, 

 50 ; Veitch, Man. Conif. 159 ; Beissn. Nadelh. 246. P. rubra, 

 Michx. fil. N. Amer. Sylv. iii. 112, t. 134. 



Habitat. — Newfoundland ; northern shores of the Gulf of St. Law- 

 rence and Lake Nipigon to the valley of the Winnipeg River ; south 

 through the Northern States to Chestnut Hill, Middlesex County, 

 Massachusetts, the mountains of Northern Pennsylvania, Isabella 

 County, Michigan, and Central Minnesoj;a. 



According to Michaux, in America it rises from 70 to 80 feet, with 

 a trunk about 2 feet in diameter, and retaining nearly the same bulk 

 for two-thirds of its height. The bark is of a clearer red than that of 

 any other Pine in the United States, and by this the tree may always 

 readily be distinguished. The leaves are 5 or 6 inches long, of a dark 

 green, two in a sheath, and collected in bunches at the extremities of the 

 branches, like those of the Pinaster, instead of being distributed 

 regularly over them, like those of P. inops and P. silvestris (J. C. 

 Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. 1814, iv. 2211). 



This is an elegant tree when young. Michaux, seeing its trunk 

 covered with red bark, called it P. rubra, a name it has still kept 

 in some places. 



Wood light, not strong, hard, rather coarse-grained, compact ; 

 bands of small summer cells broad, dark-coloured, very resinous, resin 

 passages few, small, not conspicuous ; medullary rays numerous, thin ; 

 colour light red, the sapwood yellow or often almost white ; specific 

 gravity, 0*4854 ; ash, 0*27; largely manufactured into lumber and used 

 for all purposes of construction, flooring, piles, &c. 



A large tree, 80-85 feet in height, with a trunk 2-4^ feet in 



