^INETUM DANldUM* 



421 



small vegetation of Roses {Rosa rugosa) and some poorly developed 

 Oaks {Quercus dentata). The greatest forests of this Fir are found in 

 the western and central mountains between Kitomi Kushiro and 

 Nemora, where it is mixed with P. Glehni ; from the north-east 

 corner of Eso they go over to the Kuriles. It is also at home on 

 Sachalin, and on the neighbouring continent. Dr. Mayr also says 

 that this Fir, as a profitable forest tree, has no advantage over 

 European Firs ; but seen away from the North American blue-white 

 species and varieties, it is to be considered one of the most beautiful 

 of the blue-white varieties. 



Introduced in 1861 by John Gould Yeitch. 



Hardy. 



P. alba, Link in Linnasa, xv. 519. Abies canadensis, Mill. Diet, 

 n. 1 (not Michaux). Finns canadensis, Du Roi, Observ. Bot. 38. 

 F. laxa, Ehrh. Beitr. iii. 24. P. glauca, Monch. VVeissenb. 73. 

 P. tetragona, Monch. Meth. 364. Abies alba, Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 

 ii. 207 (not Mill.). Fimis alba, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed 1, iii. 371. 

 P. americana alba, hort. Abies americana alba, hort. A. curvifolia, 

 hort. 



Habitat. — Newfoundland, northern shore of Labrador to Ungava 

 Bay, Cape Churchill, and north-westward to the mouth of the Mac- 

 kenzie River and the valley of the Yukon River, Alaska ; south to the 

 coast of Maine, North-eastern Vermont (West Burke and Elmwood, 

 Pringle), Northern Michigan, Minnesota to Moose Lake and the W-^/^e 

 Earth Indian Reservation, the Black Hills of Dakota (R. Douglas), 

 along the Rocky Mountains of Northern Montana to the valley of the 

 Blackfoot River (Canby and Sargent), Sitka, and British Columbia. 



A tree 50-170 feet in height, with a trunk 2-3 feet in diameter ; 

 low, rather wet soil, borders of ponds and swamps ; most common 

 north of the boundary of the United States, and reaching its greatest 

 development along the streams and lakes of the Flathead region of 

 Northern Montana, at an elevation of 2,500 to 3,500 feet ; the most 

 important timber tree of the American sub-arctic forests north of the 

 sixtieth degree of latitude ; here more generally multiplied and of 

 larger size than the allied P. nigra, with which it is associated ; its 

 distribution southward in British Columbia not yet satisfactorily 

 determined. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, close, straight-grained, compact, 

 satiny ; bands of small summer cells thin, not conspicuous ; resin 

 passages few, minute ; medullary rays numerous, prominent ; colour 

 light yellow, the sapwood hardly distinguishable ; specific gravity, 

 0'4051 ; ash, 0*32 ; largely manufactured into lumber, although not 

 distinguished in commerce from that of the Black Spruce (P. nigra) 

 (C. S. Sargent, "Forest Trees of North America"). 



A tree of this species planted in Danish ground in 1864 is now 

 38 feet high, with a girth of 2 feet 3 inches ; and one planted at 



