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JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



The Gorkhalees, in Nepaul, call this tree "Thingia" (Yew), or 

 " Thingoori-Sulla" (fragrant Yew), and the Bhotiyas, " Semadoong," 

 which has a similar meaning ; but, according to Professor Don, it is 

 better known under the name of " Silloo-Haterhee " (fragrant Fir), 

 and is found plentifully on the mountains of Gosainthan, in Nepaul, 

 where its bark is much used for the covering of sheds and outhouses. 



It is by far the handsomest of all the Indian Firs in a native state ; 

 but its timber is of a very inferior quality, and soon perishes if fully 

 exposed to the weather. 



A young plant out of doors during the last two years has kept 

 alive in Denmark under cover of some leaves and Spruce branches, but 

 it suffered a little. 



T. canadensis, Carr, Conif. ed. 2, 248. Abies foUis sulitariis 

 confertis obtusis membranaceis, Gronov. Virgin. 191. Pinus canadensis, 

 Linn. Spec. PL 1421. F. americana, Du Roi, Obs. Bot. 41. F. Abies 

 americana, Marsh. Arb. 103. Abies canadensis, Michx. Arb. Forest, 

 de I'Amer. Sept. i, 137, t. 13. Ficea canadensis, Link in Linnsea, 

 XV. 524. 



Habitat. — Nova Scotia, Southern New Brunswick, valley of the 

 St. Lawrence River to the shores of Lake Temiscaming, and south- 

 west to the western borders of Northern Wisconsin ; south through 

 the Northern States to Newcastle County, Delaware, South-eastern 

 Michigan, Central Wisconsin, and along the Alleghany Mountains to 

 Clear Cleek Falls, Winston County, Alabama (Mohr). 



A tree 70-110 feet in height, with a trunk 3-4 feet in diameter ; 

 dry rocky ridges, generally facing the north, and often forming 

 extensive forests almost to the exclusion of other species, or, less 

 commonly, borders of swamps in deep, rich soil ; most common in 

 the north, although reaching its greatest individual development in 

 the high mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, brittle, coarse, crooked-grained, 

 difficult to work, liable to wind-shake and sj^linter, not durable ; bands 

 of small summer cells rather broad, conspicuous ; medullary rays 

 numerous, thin ; colour light brown tinged with red, or often nearly 

 white, the sapwood somewhat darker ; specific gravity, 0*4239 ; ash, 

 0'46 ; largely manufactured into coarse lumber and used in construction 

 for outside finish, railway ties, &c. ; two varieties, red and white, 

 produced aj^parently under precisely similar conditions of growth, are 

 recognised by lumbermen (C. S. Sargent, "Forest Trees of North 

 America "). The bark, rich in tannin, is the principal material used 

 in the Northern States in tanning leather, and yields a fluid extract 

 sometimes used medicinally as a powerfld astringent. Canadian or 

 Hemlock pitch, prepared from the resinous secretion of this species, 

 is used in the preparation of stimulating plasters. Sec. ("U.S. Dis- 

 pensatory," ed. 14, 709, 903; "Nat. Dispensatory," ed. 2, 1109; 

 Fliickiger and Hanbury, "Pharmacographia," 552). 



