PINETUM DANICUM. 



449 



Branches verticillate or wliorled. Bark on the young shoots 

 glabrous. 



Leaves flattish, coriaceous, stiff, bright green, more or less acumi- 

 aiate, pointed. 



Co7ies about 3^ inches long, pendent, persistent, somewhat long. 

 Bracts very long and t^vo-pointed. 

 Cotyledons six to twelve. 



Yery large evergreen tree. Leaves at the base stalked and 

 narrow, linear, flat, spirally scattered, and as they are turned at the 

 base, they stand almost in two rows. 



P. Douglasii, Carr. Conif. ed. 2, 256. Pinus taxifoUa, Lamb. 

 !Pin. ed. 2, 58, t. 36. P. Douglasii, Sab. Mss. in Lamb. Pinet. ed. 2, 

 iii. t. 72. Ahies Douglasii, Lindl. in Penny Cyclop, i. 32. Picea 

 Douglasii, Link in Linnsea, xv. 524. Tsuga Douglasii, Carr. Conif. 

 ed. 1, 192. Ahies californica, hort. aliq. 



Habitat. — Coast ranges and interior plateau of British Columbia 

 south of latitude 55° N. (not reaching the coast archipelago north of 

 Vancouver's Island) ; east to the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains 

 in latitude 51° N. (Bow Piver Pass, Macoun) ; south along the moun- 

 tain ranges of Washington Territory, Oregon, the California coast 

 ranges, and the western slope of the Sierra Nevadas ; through the 

 mountain ranges east to Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and the 

 Guadaloupe Mountains of Texas ; in the Wahsatch and Uintah Moun- 

 tains, the ranges of Northern and Eastern Arizona, and southward into 

 Mexico ; not detected in the interior region between the Sierra 

 Nevada and the Wahsatch Mountains, south of the Blue Mountains 

 of Oregon and north of Arizona. 



A large tree, 200-300 feet in height, with a trunk 3-12 feet in 

 diameter, or in the Rocky Mountains much smaller ; here rarely 

 100 feet in height ; the most generally distributed and valuable 

 timber-tree of the Pacific region, growing from the sea-level to an 

 elevation in Colorado of nearly 10,000 feet ; often forming extensive 

 forests almost to the exclusion of other species, and reaching in 

 Western Oregon and Washington Territory its greatest development 

 and value. 



Wood hard, strong, varying greatly with age and conditions 

 of growth in density, quality, and amount of sap ; difficult to 

 work, durable ; bands of small summer cells broad, occupying 

 fully half the width of the annual growth, dark-coloured, con- 

 spicuous, soon becoming flinty and difficult to cut ; medullary 

 rays numerous, obscure ; colour varying from light red to yellow, 

 the sapwood nearly white; specific gravity, 0*5157; ash, 0"08 ; 

 largely manufactured into lumber and used for all kinds of construc- 

 tion, railway ties, piles, fuel, &c. Two varieties. Red and Yellow 

 Fir, are distinguished by lumbermen, dependent probably upon the 

 age of the tree ; the former coarse-grained, darker coloured, and 



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