PINETU:.! DAXICUM. 



475 



■upwards of loO feet liigli, with the stem densely clothed with short, 

 scrubby boughs, bearing little projDortion in length to the height of 

 the tree, and generally ending in a mass of flat, declining branches. 



The Indian term "Pindrow," according to Major Madden, refers 

 to its very peculiar mode of growth, the tree being tall and cylin- 

 drical, or slightly tapering, like the Lombardy Poplar ; but, according 

 to Dr. Wilson, it is derived from the Sanscrit words ' ' Pind " (incense) 

 and "Poo" or "Pow" (to weep), from the numerous resinous tears 

 found on the cones and other parts of the tree. It is also called 

 " Kala-rai" (Black Fir) by the people along the Snowy Mountains, 

 who also apply the term " Kalabun " (Black Forest) to the woods 

 where it alone grows, from the dark green of the leaves on the 

 upper surface giving the trees a sombre Yew-like appearance at a 

 distance, which causes the mountaineers constantly to confound it 

 w^ith the " Thooner " (Yew), and which no doubt led Dr. Wallich 

 (who]^ trusted too much to local names) to give to this Fir the name of 

 Taxus Lamhertiana, he not having at the time seen its cones, or 

 even, probably, the living tree. Its Khasiya name is "Ragha," 

 and the Bhotiyas call it " Woomun" (purple cone). 



This tree forms dense forests on all the great spurs of the 

 Kamaon Alps, from 7,500 to 9,000 feet elevation, but under proper 

 conditions it will ascend and descend above and below these eleva- 

 tions, always, however, exhibiting its preference for northern and 

 western aspects. Mr. Winterbottom found it plentiful on the Peer 

 Punjal in Cashmere, flowering in April and May, and ripening its 

 cones, which are of the same rich purple colour as those of Picecc 

 Wehbiaim, in October and November of the same year (G. Gordon). 



A. Findrow is only to be found in Danish gardens under twenty 

 years of age. One above that age stands in Jutland, and is said 

 to have attained a height of more than 20 feet. Another at Yallo, 

 on Zealand, somewhat less developed, has produced cones on several 

 occasions. 



A. Pinsapo, Boiss. in Bibl. Univ. de Geneve (1838) in Elench. 

 PI. Hisp. n. 197, and Yoy. en Espagne, ii. 584, t. 167-169. Pinus 

 Finsapo, Boiss. in Epist. and Ant. Conif. 65, t. 26, f. 2. Abies, 

 hispcmica, De Chambr. Tr. Prat. Arb. Re'sin. 339. Ficea Finsapo, 

 Loud. Encycl. of Trees, 1041, f. 1947-48. 



Habitat. — The mountains in the middle, and especially in the south 

 of Spain, on Sierra Bermejo, and Sierra de la Nieve ; abundant on the 

 Sierra Nevada, at elevations of from 3,000 to 4,000 feet. 



Forests of this tree are found in the mountainous sub-alpine 

 district of Grenada, in Spain, where it is clearly the representative 

 of its allies A. cephalonica and A. cephalonica Apoll'mis^ which are 

 found in Cephalonia and Greece, in nearly the same latitudes. 

 Among other mountains in Grenada the following have been specially 

 noted as abounding with it : the upper part of the Sierra Bermejo, 



