PINETUM DANICU3I. 



477 



of the warm south land, who regard this tree, holdmg out its waving 

 branches from the lofty Cordilleras, much as did the ancient wor- 

 shippers of the Cedar of Lebanon in the valley of Palestine, as a 

 benison of good, blessing by the fragrance of its foliage and the 

 healing qualities of its balsam (J. G. Lemmon). 



A. sachalinensis, Masters, Gard. Chron. 1879 ; Journ. Linn. 

 Soc. xviii. 517 ; Yeitch, M:an. Con. 100 (1881) ; Cat. of Plants in 

 Bot. Gard. Tokio (1887). A. Veitchii var. sachalinensis, F. Schmidt, 

 Reisen im Amurland und auf der Insel Sachalin, in Mem. de I'Acad. 

 Imp. des Sciences de St. Petersb. ser. 7, t. 7, No. 2. 



Habitat. — Of this Silver Fir there is to be found in Japan, besides 

 the typical form, a variety which Mayr calls nemorensis. He says 

 that the typical form occupies West Eso and Sachalin, and that the 

 nemorensis lives on the mountains of Korth-east Eso and on the 

 Kuriles ; both attain 130 feet in height. It was brought to England 

 in 1879 by Maries. 



Hardy. 



A. sibirica, Ledeb. Fl. Alt. iv. 202, Pinus sibirica, Steud. 

 Nomenclat. ii. 338. P. Picea, Pall. Fl. Ross. i. 7 (excl. syn. and pi. 

 Caucas.). P. Pichta, Fisch. ex Lodd. Cat. 1836, 50 ; Endl. Conif. 

 108. Picea Pichta, Loud. Arb. Brit. iv. 2338. Abies Pichta, Forb. 

 Pin. Wob. 109, t. 37. 



Habitat. — Siberia, from the Ural Mountains to Kamschatka and 

 Mongolia, but is most abundant on the Altai (2,000 to 2,400 feet) 

 and other ranges of mountains that stretch across the continent from 

 the Caspian Sea to the Sea of Okotsk, forming vast forests at 

 elevations of from 2,500 to 5,000 feet, in Russia between Vologda 

 and the Middle Volga. 



Introduced in 1820. This species only succeeds well in damp, stiff 

 land. The leaves are dark green above and silvery beneath, and 

 when shaken by the wind they are very attractive (Trans. Roy. Scot. 

 Arb. Soc. xii. pt. 2). 



A. sibirica has been planted in several gardens in Denmark, where 

 examples forty years old or more have attained a height of about 40 feet. 

 I have seen very finely developed specimens in Northern Scandinavia 

 at Upsala, and in North-west Russia. Beautiful examples are also 

 to be seen in the Botanic Gardens at Helsingfors (60^ 10'), where 

 many seedlings have sprung up around the old trees. 



A. subalpina, Engelm. in Amer. Nat. x. 554, and Syn. Amer. 

 Firs, Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 1878, 597. Pinus lasiocarpa. Hook. 

 Flor. Bor. Amer. ii. 163. Abies lasiocarpa, Nutt. ex Sarg. Forest 

 Trees, 1884, 211. A. bifolia, Murr. in Proc. Hort. Soc. Lond. iii. 

 320, f. 51-56. Pinus amabilis. Pari, in DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 426. 

 Picea bifolia, Murr. in Gard. Chron. 1875, 106. Abies fallax, hort. 



Habitat. — Valley of the Stakhin River, Alaska, in latitude 60° N. 

 (Muir) ; south through British Columbia, and along the Cascade Moun- 



