German Poultry Societies. 77 



exclusive of the value of the calves, of £5 ns. 6 d., from 

 which wages and other charges had to be paid. 



An example of the cost of running a large co-operative 

 dairy is afforded by a statement of the outgoings and 

 receipts of one establishment of this class in Jutland. In 

 the twelve months ending with November 4th, 1898, this 

 dairy manipulated 591,499 gallons of milk, for which the sum 

 of £10,414 12s. iod. was paid to the members who supplied 

 it. The working expenses amounted to £1,292 17s., or 

 4s. 4|d. per 100 gallons of milk. They included wages, 

 £222 4s. 5d. ; cartage, £316 5s. 9d. ; repairs of buildings, 

 machinery and appliances, £344 7s. 5d. ; rent and interest on 

 loans, £187 4s. 3d. ; coal, £100 12s. 9d. ; ice, salt, and 

 sundries, £122 2s. 3d- The total receipts amounted to 

 £14,299 2S. 6d., derived from the sale of the following pro- 

 ducts : — 1,968 cwts. of butter, valued at £9,932 18s. iod.; 1,090 

 cwts. of cheese, valued at £1,892 6s. 7d. ; 410,570 gallons of 

 separated milk and butter milk, valued at £2,198 ; milk and 

 cream of the value of £66 os. 6d.; and whey, 1,496,771 lbs., of 

 the value of £188 19s. 9d.; the balance of £20 16s. iod. being 

 made up of sundry receipts. 



The year's accounts show a net profit of £2,591 12s. 8d., or 

 ro5d. per gallon of milk, so that for every gallon of milk 

 supplied to the dairy the members received altogether 5jd., 

 this sum including the price originally paid for the milk and 

 the profit on the sales of produce. 



German Poultry Societies. 



Numerous societies for the promotion of poultry-rearing 

 exist throughout Germany, where it is a common practice for 

 persons interested in the industry to associate for the 

 purchase of pure bred birds to improve the local stock. 

 Many associations of this kind have established stations in 

 order to maintain a supply of thoroughbred breeding fowls, 

 and, in some cases, the smaller societies have federated for 

 the purpose of holding shows and providing organised 



