6 



ETHNOLOGY OF THE INBO-PACIFIC ISLANDS. 



pronoun 011I3', ami it would simply caiTy into those forms of tlie Ist 

 in wliicti it occiii's ilio idea of *'yoii" in afUlitioii to tUc orit^itml 

 "I", die Tamil na-in bein<^ thus iiteraliy " I-you" — L e. "I and 

 you." Its dispiaccment of tlie n in such forms as the Telugu me, 

 Knm. autl Tutla an?, Gond ma, would he a Ik-xiouat change of an 

 ordinary kind. In ihe Telugu me-mu botli the root aud ttie defi- 

 nitive postfix arc flexionally cSjanged to Whatever m^y be the 

 ulliniate origin of this exception liI m, aud wliellier or uol it passed 

 from the 2nd pronoun to the iat> itu true diaracler, in the present 

 condition uf tl^e formaiiou generally, ta that of a plural element 

 condned to the 2nd pronoun and to the absolute or inclusive form 

 of the 1st. Toda however presents a remarkable exception in Its 

 3rd pronoun, which in the plural is tktat/i or adawi. This remnant 

 of the undoubted use ot'-m as a plural dtjfitiitive, and not merely 

 as a form of thn 2iid j>roiiouii, whtiu taken in conueetion with the 

 Gangetie iind Uitriiindiiin remnantj^ of a eimihir Uiiage adverted to 

 in a Bubseqiieut page, leaves little doubt as to its having been a 

 wry archaic phii-al ffiirticle in Di'avirinn, or in one or more of its 

 br.m(jlics. Thn pliatjetie identity of this archaic plural postfix 

 with the archaic neuter (sometimes fein.) definitive postfix in m, 

 hf V can hardly be accidfiiitaL The fern, / is also iilentical with 

 the coinnion plural posifix in I, r. The K irautitka prunouiis have 

 -vii in ihe pluraSs of the 1st antl 2iid persons and -rit in the 3rd as 

 in the other languages save Tinla ( in TuUivu -ru bt-eotn^s 

 This -VH irf i lentical will) one of fho form^ of the neuter definitive. 

 In the use of these parHcfes the dialectic confusion and irregtdartty 

 are very great, and it is difficult to determine their true primar/ 

 fund ions. 



The Vindyan languages present some remarkable dialectic pecu- 

 liarities. The Gond and Khond have the coramou a forms of iho 

 1st pronoun. The other nothein languages in their agenttve forms 

 have only that contracted variety of the e form which is the sepa- 

 rate pronoun in Tuluva (en), and occurs also as a posses-si vc ami 

 verbal form in Tamil, Malayalani and K;irnataka, and the plui-alof 

 Knrgi, the full form being found In TV-lugu ncrtu (pi. mcmu). 

 In the more jmrtdy Draviiian Male and Uraon the Tuluva form 

 is preserved un modi lied OJI Male, cnan Sing.^ en PI. Uraon. So 

 n the poasessives, — Sing. Uraon Qu-fjhif PI. Uraou em-h/, Mule 



