S BTHNOLOdY OP THE INDO-PACIFIC !3LAND3. 



en 19 a diaiectic vniiijition which must have prevaitetl in ihe parent 

 Kol dialect as in Tiiluva. The Gon<l imm.\ of the 2ml peimn is 

 evidently a secondary form (in wtiich i is the common prononiitial 

 element) as tlic rogiilur primary form is presei'ved in the obJifpie 

 cases. The allied Kol labial 2nd pronoun must be of similar se- 

 condary origin. 



The Kol dialects disliiiguiBh the dual from the plural in pro- 

 nouns, aa in substantives, the dual form being given by annexing 

 the Tiasal to the plural. Thus the substantive pi. definitivrc i^ 

 ko, which in the dual becomes king [=iko + ing] j the pi. rel. of 

 the 1st pron. is alle, which in the dual becomes aliens; ; the pK 

 of the 2d pron. is appe, which in the dual becomes abben, Tbo 

 dual particle is probably the Dravirian en " two" (ibe Uraon 

 form) but it may be a variation of the Draviro-Ultraindian plural 

 el, le, li, ni &c., the dual being indicated by plural parliciea in 

 Bome other families (Semitic, Scythic &c.) aa well as in some 

 Australian dialects,* The South Dravirian dialecU with Gond 

 Uraon and Male, do not poFsesa a dual. 



Besides the indication of number and case, it does not appear 

 that any other ideologic element is involved in the postfixes or 

 flexions. The 3rd pronoun indicates bg?£ by its postfixed defini- 

 tives, the consonants being n masc, / fern, and df ih, t neuter. 

 There are no clear traces either of those or of a vocalic distinction 

 of sex in the proper pronouns, which is the more remarkable frotn 

 the sex definitives having, in the archaic stage of the formation, 

 been used with substantivesi, and from their beinij found hirfrelv 

 concreted in all the vocabularies as well as still parJially current . 

 If any sexnal function can be ascribed to the pronominal postfixci?, 

 it would appear that the common forms now in use are masculine, 

 -n and -nu being the form of the postfix. If sexual forms were 

 ever current, we might have expected to find some traces of a 

 feminine form in the 2nd person, but / novphere occurs as the post- 

 fix. 



The variations in the vowel of the 1st pronoun to e and in that 

 of the 2nd to u may have been glossartal. There are indications of 

 this with respect to which however may have been tlxe com- 

 mon phonetic variation of the final vowel found largely in the 

 vocabularies. If, as seems more probable, it had a flexional power, . 



• Id Australian ihe plural particle forma duals and one of it* variationa is -le. 



