ETllNOLOtJV OF THK ITTDO-VACIFIC ISLANDS. 



15 



Tlic Kol 2ii\ pronoun — wliich U much more iici-sSf-tent ami 

 widely spread iu ttic Man-Aiiitin languiigcii thuii the Ut — is very 

 rem u'kublo, and ai first view artoinnlous, iti iu form^ It is a IuIhu), 

 occurriug under the forms hnmu Goml (a^entive), am, um, nmjCf 

 me, m, be, pe KoL In the Ulmalsiyas the Kit'anli am of tlu 

 posse^ive atn-ka is the only example of ihis root or form. In 

 Ultraindiun it is Man puch, pi, hui ; K^sia, niCfpha; Anani, 

 Lau, 7Hunf/, matt, mo; Chonjr ho} Simant^, mo^ bo; Tniiig:- 

 ganu TiioiiQ. The form h rarely found in Asonesia in the a<jr<?n live 

 singntiir, which in the Niha'Polyne^ian languages, i-, like the lt*t 

 pronoun, of Semitico-Libyan derivation through Miilaga^y. In 

 the Timorian group,— whieli preserves the N. Drnvh-ian 1st pro- 

 noun in some of its languagei* and hi^ other N, Dravinan traitd — 

 we find in the singular muc Solor, rufu niti Sunibn, (nyn definitive 

 as in the 1st pron. w^«-ngga, which is alsso D/avirian), It \^ 

 Cimmou in the Niha-Polynest m lungnuges x\4 a posjujiistve under 

 the forms mo, mu sometim<^s mi. It i^ found in the plural, tiither by 

 itself or combined with iinolhor particle. It alifo enters ijiLo the 

 exclusive or relative plural of the 1st pronoun.* 



Iu the N. Utiraindian and Mon-Auani tangnagos it is excep- 

 tional as a root for the 2ud pronoun, none of the pronainiuiil 

 systems of the forraationa with which tbffy are cojjuectod, or 

 which are found in EaBtcrn Asia, using a labial roor.f The nang, 

 neng of the Chiuo-Tibetin and Ultr.iiudtan system is variable in 

 Burman to mang, ineng, but thiu mutiitiou of the u of the root is 

 confined to it, and its absence in the adjacent dtdlects of the same 

 sub-formation, the forms of the pronou!i in the eoiUenninous Mon, 

 and the recent Ultmiiidian spread of Burman even when compared 



* But aa the m element may in some cosfti he. tho »i> cnnbij <'r>m|Miiiioiiaiive nr 

 muy Im a Uim^t L-n^-fiftiiKnit fniin the Dmviriuti jilural i^f tlii* Int pmiiuuiii in iiii&L<, 

 it b eTioHR-li jit [irL-SL-iit tu rt^iimrk tJit: jirovidi nc*; of iiin, imi, inin-ifi aiil)-<i<t!!iry 

 root for die Siiid pronoun iii Maiuyii-I^olymwian, That as buclt, it ih a JJmviHan 

 or Braviro-LfitraiiittiaH tiiijirmttmriit on tiie Mai^l;^U3.y-l*ulytllyiall or Ocfuiiit: sys- 

 tem is clear Irani its being ab^nt not only ta Alal.ig-a-y but in lljc j>re»ent Scinltico- 

 Libyan aysteni. 



t Altlioii^j;!! li con^iiler tlie explanatioo in tliu t»'Xt tlie eurrcct one, it ^imild Imj 

 rts nuriied tliat stjveral of tin; UUruitidian foraw o) tinj Sey tiiico-Aualvalian iaiiiai 

 tbird m onsmn and deUniUvi- liavt a cloiie ri'.'iiimlibinre Xu varieiies oJ tlie liiliiiil 

 stjconil pronoun, and tbiit in some fonuaUons thcai*; two pfoiuions involve the g;tMie 

 detinilh'e. Tbis is the ciise In Tiljetan, i?lt" initico-Libyau, Imio-linroptaint Ijfwg'iLin 

 nnd Samniede. Cm n p. w " thou*' i^iiimest}, /wmh//, •* ]fe " to Kauilntjan ; /)i 

 ** tbou" Monj /?ike *• \iv kc." Kumbiyaii ; um h** kc." Dophia ; bo " thou" 

 Chong-, Slmanjj'; too "he i&c " SJlmang, Neww; Mlri &c &c. 



