16 



ETHNOLOGY OF THE INDO-PACIFIC ISLANDS. 



veUh tlie Naga-Mariipiin ttr-nttoh of the same fiim'ily, shut out tlie 

 8Upl»osition liiat t\m acciJonljil form was the psireut of the archaic^ 

 ally diffused Mon-Anam, Viiiilyan and Asouesiiin pronoun. As 

 tlio latter is neither Chijicse, Tibcto-UltruinJisui, Tiitur, nor Myhi- 

 gasy, we are thrown back on the sjsteju to which ttjo 1st pronoun 

 belongs, and the widely prevalent pluriil power ofihc form in the 

 Niha-Pot_vneisian languages suggests thai tl is simply ti Dravirinu 

 j>lural used for the tjbgulur, aiS ha]>]>ens in many other languages 

 wlih the 2nd pronoun (e, g. ttie English you" foi' " thou"). 

 In Dravirian we find amongst curretit forms for "you" imru 

 Teltigu, (mldi posa.) where the plural m difplaccsf the n of tlie 

 root, (ni, uivu) as in the |dura! of the 1st pronoun, e- g. Telugu 

 neim " 1", uieniu "we," Toda an "1", am ** we", Tamil cmadu j 

 ''ouiV, unmdu "yourss". With these compare the Khoud an u 

 "I", amu " we"; mu "thou**, mi "you'*, the last term being 

 identical with the Telugi mi of mirw. Tlie nearest Soath Dra- 

 virian forms occur in Toduva ni-ma PI. and Karnalaku ni-m PL, 

 (Anc.)i ni-vu (Mod.); m-ma-fiu PI. [toss. (Mod.) The Gond 

 i-ma is evidently a contraction of ni-ma. In some of the southern 

 forms also, the root of the second proJiotin is rc]>rcieuted by the 

 vowel only. The Kol vanations of the proper radical vowel i to 

 u and a are found in some of ihti soul!jeni languages. In Kol 

 the singular forms are um (as in the Titinil PL p<^3-^, nmadu) anif 

 (as in Toda nama PL), mSf m, variable in the plural eomposlio 

 terms to bu (com p. S. Dravirian vu J, hc^ pe<. The cunnccliiui 

 between tliese and the Ultraijidian jno, ho, pi, raong, niung &c. ia 

 obvious. The Telugu verbal postfix of the 2tid pronoun -va 

 exhibits the same substitution of the plural dtifiniiive for the 

 pronoun. In the SeiaiLio4>-Lihyan system, iu which m has a 

 plural power as in Dravirian, like examples occur of the replace- 

 raent of the root by the plural particle. The Kol le " we" id 

 another example. 



Of the Kol forms um, bu-am, me, fbe, pc) — corresponding 

 with the South Dravirian um, vu, am, mi — the fii-st is the most 

 widely spread in Ultraindia and Asonesia iu the furms mu, mo, 

 bo, mung &c. In South Dravirian it is rare, but m occurrence iu 

 the possessive plural of Tamil (utn) and in th e plural of Karnataka 

 (vu) places its Dravimu origin and antiquity beyond doubt. 



