"10 KTIINOLOGY OF THli I.VDO-Pj^CIFIC ISLAND*. 



The sccoikI cln^s of pronominal aiBnities iijipenr lo n|)j ei tiiin 

 to the more archaic or pre-Ijidianhi^toiy oi' tlm Dravirian or 

 Draviro- Australian Ibrnmlion. They are very niimerous if thosa 

 of each pronoun be coneiilered eepnrately. But the forma trona 

 Avhich have boi!i of the Dravirian pronouns are much more iimit- 

 fid. The simple rools^are found best preserve!^ Chinese Kiid iti 

 sorno of the more archaic or preScytliic lan|^n)ige8 of Amcrira. 

 TJ>e only other system in which0oth occur as the principal terin:* 

 h the Tibeto-Ukraindiaii. Thes's facts and tlie dii^trtbution of 

 the dillbrerit varieties of the roots in tliese and in other fortnations, 

 lead U3 to the conclusion that the syiilem is probably the most 

 archaic and least mixed that is now extant. The Draviro- Austra- 

 lian forms [stand in the same rank as the American in relation to 

 t!m Chinese. Like American and proto-Scythic they brlong to a 

 secondary, liarmonic, and post- positional formation, and not to u 

 ]jrimitive and generally preposi- tional one like Chinese. Thay 

 have definitive positixea like Amc- rican and Scythic and the full 

 terms are in structure more imme- dialely alltrd to the Scythic. 

 The throe formations stand ou a stmilar footing in relation both 

 to the primary Chinese formation and to the earliest harmonic 

 development which it received. As regards the roots in particular, 

 the Draviro-Australian na or u"ga and ni or ngi have a moie direct 

 O and complete affinity with lUe Chinese n^o and ni than the | ro- 

 . nouns of any other systein. 



The adjacent Tibeto-Utti'aindian* system is also Chinese and 

 the 1st pronoun has the Draviro-Auutralian vowel a, which appears 

 to have been early and widely prevalent, for it is found in some 

 American languages (nai, nan &c), Korean (nai, na), Samoiede 



* In cliap. IV I con?id^d the oriKinnl niMnte^Ttil nnngptico-ritroincltan pro- 

 ncuin KVBieiii to be fuiiili*nit'ntaJiv Dmvtriaii ami ^li^l^ru■l rium Tilietaii, oJthougU 

 *ltficj«iit laii^juuHis prtseiil iiujiliticiilJornj nnd lufiii iiiixturca. Ttiui \hc Saga, nns 

 i.dJ to H. lOiniHiund of Uuriua-'l ibtUm, Soutli Uitiaintlidn unci (.luJUttic.)- 

 Dniviriun trai's. Tin; rt-mBrkable exieiu t<.i wlm h itj«i ruotd und faniH of i-iilLrrunt 

 lonn«l>t>tis> biivc Ihkti bkruied in tlie UJtiaituliun sjsriifui wit upbear when we 

 txaminn tlie pronoun* of the Mun-Anatn or piciK>s.itioiial alliancii. Tho jiuhlicmiou 

 of Mr Hodg&yn'ft tCast Tibotau or ^i!'Hn vut-abuturiM had not aitii?cte<l rhe t!;eiitn-ul 

 iufi;f*jiic43» lit wliicli.! liad anivi^d, but they iiavc irmde iin important mo tit ilea i inn 

 hi tl«tiiiU. Tilt; '2iid pronoun in n I con&i(!trrBd n tie DraUrmiJ hi alJ Hil* (liuiLfetio 

 und Ulti-aiiidii.n Janguagt's ia whicfi it ocfurs, tho t'ibetaii root bfiin;^ fotallj dltt'H- 

 i^nt. 1 1 now appears iTmt lltt! liott Tiltelaii or t^ifun -Iml pronoun b al.so a Ibnn uf 

 the n root, airatjar lo (onui found in I' I tin in J i an and Uaiitietic lunnuajjres that tia\e 

 niimfiroua olher filOfsariai ijtthdiies wiih I-artL 1 ibt-tan. fn (he text I haw iniro- 

 ductil the niC( i<}(ary iiHKlifirnUi'n of my lormt'V uew. 



