ETHNOLOOT OF THl IITBO-PACmC IBLAim?. 



Scythic laiigunf^ea a dual is found (anle vol. viii. p. 70), * and 

 ii3 it is preserved in Kol, Australian fee. it was probably 

 common to tbe archaic Scythic and Indo-i\sonesiaii sy stems 

 Double plumls occur in Se_>^liic as iii Dravirian. The transition 

 forma of Kul ami .A-ustralian are absent, but the Fin reflexive forma 

 may be conaidered aa analogous remnants of an earlier and richer 

 condition of the Scythic BVtitcm, when it had departed leas fram 

 the SeraiticO'African typea on the one side and the American on the 

 other. The Scythb, Caucasian and Africo-Seraitic habit of po^ft- 

 iixing the pronoun posaejjsively is preserved in the Kol pronomi- 

 nal postlixea to namctJ of klndi-ed and in tlie ordinary Draviriau 

 persons of the verbs f (ante vol. viii,, p. 58), The Scythic 

 postfixed n definitive of the singular Draviro- Australian. The 

 plural definitives in 1, r, are ako common to the two format iona I 

 but the regukr m plurak — ttexional and postfixual — of Dra\'iriaa 

 are not Suythic. In some Ugrian knguagea the Jst pronoun has 

 the n form in the singular and m (the root) in the plural, the 

 former being evidently the definitive postfix left on the elision of 

 the root ; and as ra does not occur in the plural of the 2nd 

 pronoun it cannot be considered that the Dravirian plural m has any 

 8cythic affinity. § The Scythic plural dcf k is found in Gond (-h, 

 -nk, -g) and Kol (ho). In the Gond pronouns, as in some 

 Bubatantivea, it la common and this ia also the case in eome 

 TJgrian systems (naw/t IrVogul) and in Semitico-Libyan. Com- 

 bined ^nth the 1, r plural it is found in moat of the Dravirian 

 languages (-Ual, -gal, -kulu, -kan, <fcc., ao -galai Dhim., -khala, 



* [It would nppeflr thaf fli'^ dtml is not liraftwl in Lnp for ncc^nlinjr Ctisitr^n 

 It U fiiundl in Ostiak aiid Saiiuiif^le also. It b fonued by rJtfi gmttunil po-^tflj: prn, 

 k& which Castren d<Tiv€« from ka or ki "alio." Hut ia it not identicul witfi 

 Ihe plural guttural piirticl« (nnfr voL vlti. pp. 70) ? *' In tire Irtisldan dialects 

 nf iLj Ostiakiiin, \\\ I^pp^niiun and KHmiitt»iHii uimu?* and adjtM'live'* have Insr ifje 

 fhiiil. nii'l pmnnnHe and vt-rba only have retititied U, In tUe Sainoii^-Ostiakian It 

 i» lh>i jjmnouiia tli«f have lost tfietlu il." Prof. Max MuUer in Bunaen's I'hilo- 

 »ophy of Univ*^rsBl Hl'^tory, vol. ii. JGIl. 



t '1 he A&oufsian habit (jl pdsHixiuflr rheprmouna posaeaalvely if mainly referable 

 lo a S (' in Libyan son vce, tlirun^^ti Alalsi^ady. 



X The JJiavirian jdaiab in vutr^ are probably coTinectpd with the 



l^cyiliio nwr, lar (M-mnol, Turkish). 'Vhom In rfr, la art^ oIk) African, und in 

 A*iOTic-ttia aie thus eoTumau to ths Driivij ian and \o tht Maliifffiwy dt-Jrivale forma- 



tiOMS. 



^ The traces of a Tab:al pJurnl in Scylliic are ton nhscure to he n lied ou. Ttis 

 Lap. Iiaa j), A, vs> a plural pustlix, also "dual, and in thu 1st pron. -mc, -n is tlnwL 

 The-e phonelic atlinitins with Kul du not ajipe.ir tn iiv- to indicatw any s;bs«iarial 

 eonne<tri(in. Tim dtial n of thu lot pronoun i» ctt dently tliti or;iinary t,%'r»na 

 f|i*xinn t>f tlip prouoiuinal root tn, ur it is the dtfflnUivt: kit ad it* rtps^ewntative 

 on contraction a* hi the Hungarian M-paratc ftiriu (en). 



