KTHNOLQOT OF TUB INBO-PACI 1"1C ISLANDS. 



and 2ud pronouns. The fiict of both formations having m a» n 

 plural,* i (vflLriablo to e) as a poaaeasive, and u as ii plural cluraent 

 can hardly bo aocidentiit, but the affinity belongs to the moat 

 archaic period in the hiatoiy of the two forniationa, like others 

 that wOl bo noticed afterwards. The common radical elements, 

 with the agglutinative and flesional tendenclea under which both 

 formations have been developeti, have [prodnced sevend coin- 

 cidences amongat the variona forma which have concreted in both. 

 Thu3 the posaoaaive i or e repreacnta the 1st pronoun in several 

 Semitico- Libyan languages as a verb poatfix or prefix. The 

 Muhrah pi. of tho 1st person abu (comp. Hausa mu) ia similar to 

 Dra^iriiin forms (abu pi- absolute of Kol, &c,) t The Brayirian 

 formation hm radical affinities with the arcliaic one^ of S. W. 

 Aaia, where it departs from S. E. Asian and Scythic in roots or 

 forms, and although these identical pronominal terms have been 

 indopoudeutly formed in both tbrmatione, the coincidence cannot 

 be conaiderpd aa purely accidental when it resfca on a communiuy 

 of roots and, to a certain extent^ of ideologic and pltonefcic tendency 

 also. 



The Caucaaiati pronominal systems preserve affluUies to those 

 of formations in nearly all the great iitnges of deveiopmenr. The 

 roots are varied and mixed. The Iron in, an, on sin^. of the 1st 

 pronoun and the Kasi Knmuk na nre not Scylhi co-Iranian but 

 Semitico-Libyan, and Draviro-AtHtralian. The plural tna, am, ab 

 is also phoneticulty, Semitico-Libyan and Dravti ian, but it does 

 not occur iji tlio 2nd pron. and is probably Seyiljic glossarially. 

 The root of the 2nd pronoun di &c. is uhiniatcly a variety of the 

 Chino-Dravirian ni but more immediately connected with Scythic 

 kc* Caucasian has tranaition forms and abtacbes the pronoun 

 possessively and as&erlively to other words, but it wjints the com- 

 plex duals and plui-als as well as sex definitivi'S or flexions. The 

 nature and historical import of the ..affinities between Caucasian 

 aiid Dravirian are considered ebewbere, 



• Aa a definitive postfix the Iftbinl is nmter ami sfimptiines feminiiie in Drnfi- 

 rian »i8 in .Sanskrit. In ?^t'm'tico-Lit)y»n it is jilurul and masc^ 



+ Th« Semitic piuml ai d dual (Arfttiu') ii deflmif ive nwiy pnasilily t>e conneefMl 

 with thtt ilual n of Kol. In Seniitiai-Lib\an Inn^unge-i it u variable to rf, l,r, nd, 

 ittf Scv. anil wppears to be rudicaily the same as ihw rtcviJiic and Dnivim-Austra- 

 liHFi plural dement in t. r. In Uanaeticu-L^lirainiiiun languageii ft becon)<hj rfi, 

 «i, »*fi, ninrj, iCc. Ilorpsi alao hai ni. In tlie pnrur C^cythie langungtetbe reilu- 



EltPated Ittr, ler^ of Tarkialj becomei n^v^ nur in Mongol. N fonu* wre aliao found 

 1 Yeniueian (n^ ng,) md Yiikatiirt (/, rt^} {ftnte, vol, viii. p. p. on iAl) 



