KTHNOLOOY OF THE IWDO-PACIFIC TSLANpi. 



S7 



and the liighlj agglomerativc character of the formation, leave no 

 doubt ibat in one of its early gtagos the proto-Scythic pronominal 

 combinations were as crude and numerous aa the American or 

 Australian. The Draviro- Australian system may considered 

 as proto-Scylbic in its general alructure and character, for ovem 

 in Upper Asia that type is not limited to languages which po«je3s 

 the pi'opcr Scythic pronouns. 



B. DitftnUimSj (imludhig ^nl FmiounSf Posmshes and 

 jyirectires.) 



The po^cssivoB and directives are merely definitivessj and m 

 most formations possess nearly the whole ran^c of archaic dejfini- 

 tive?, the comparison of isolated applications of them can seldom 

 lead to specific ethnic resulta,* 



The Di-a^irian and Australian labial definiliTe pi, wa &c is 

 Tihcto-tJltraindian, Scjthic, N. Asian (Karascbalkan), Cau- 

 casian, African, Celtic (Welsh ve., vo &c); and it passes into ba, 

 ta, ma, anif um kc he. f In Tideto-Himalayan languages it haa 

 a qnaliiive power, which is not found in Dravirtan.t 



Til, da (wlLb vocalic van^itions) is almost universal as a defini- 

 tive, and it passes through the snrd form into Aa, gia on the ond 

 side and through the sonant into ta^ ra, na on the other.§ 



In the form nit in, &c it U the principal Dravirian possessive, 

 and this is probably identical vrith the Tibeto-Ul train tlian and 

 Scythic posfi. ni. The nasal posscesive in, yin, t &c is also 

 Beiuilico-Libyan and Indo-European. The Turkish red n plicated 

 forms nin, nutii Tien, nvtg are found in Asonesia well as the 

 iimple form nu The same particle occurs in some of the Irano- 

 European languages as an archaic possessive, as in the 2nd per- 

 sonal pronoun in Zend ma-?ia (in Sanskrit euphonicalty ma-wia), 

 Gothic mei-na, &;c. In Guzerali both the simple and rcLluplicated 



• See the reniflrks on tlji» stilij<wl in various prccKiltng pas-tagca, iin:| In purti- 

 «u1ar tlioae on ttte Scyililc dftinitivtiH &c {ante y'i^i, MUitM\. T lie jrundcr nifty 

 retf^r to the «unie place fur exainpluij of the wlijc pnfvnJunce of lauiit of the 

 dtflnitivi^s fouTid in Draviriun, and for hidlcattona of Seyittlu alfliiltjiis, 



+ 8ee vni, viii, p G3- 



I Hut (lond excepUojially liaa wa, Ist pron. no- vrd shi^ . , mo^irn-n pi,, Snd 

 pron. nUwa sing., mi-?m-n pi. This form is Tibetim throii<^!] (iangetic. Alafzar 

 l8t pron- njjo-M, (rucit vowd of n^w. uiodifled by tliut of posl;*,) j 2n<J im-rOQ (ih) 

 5rc], linch-7^ (nom. Jio9.) In ttte plural the full fotnt uni h tisetl, corrcdptiodiug' 

 with the Qtirun^ mo', the latter iionwer betnj plural not sim|ily pus. 



^ Ante vol. viii, p. G2. 



