32 



ETIJKOLOGY OF Till INDO-PACiriC liLANDS. 



Anij tliG inaniuTate or neuter defijiUlve, is common in the South- 

 firn vocabulary, Tamil-Ma!ayalam ; ?«, nUf da, tu At:., varialiona 

 of htf in Telugu, Kaniataka and Tuluva. Where Tamil has 

 hUf Malayalam has often ^ifi, Telugu and Kurnat. vu. Vik 

 compuratiyely rare. It soraetimea becomes bij m«, b. The 

 final vowels vary greatly. Tamil afTects ei, Malay alara a, 

 Telugn and Karnataka u and t, Tuluva while Tudava gene- 

 rally dispenses with the vowel. In the purer Draviriau lan- 

 guages of the Vindyan group, Gond, Uraon and Male, similar 

 postiixes occur. They ate distinguished by the frequent use ol" 

 ha, kka. Double definitives aameiimes occurs and thi^y are proba- 

 bly to be explained in itie same way as the double prefixes of 

 Kaaia and other language?. But in a few cases one of the defiui- 

 tivea appears to have been infixed. Thus toh "skin" is also 

 totJalu, and poiu sun" is also poJittu. 



Tlie definitives wliieh arc used as plurals have been already- 

 considered. The Chinese and Tibeto-Ultraindian affinities of the 

 hihial ai-e sljown in the Table. * The more remote were adverted 

 to in disuussing the pronouns. 



The common plurals in kal, gal, kulu, rigal,nar, kan, la, al, r,ir, 

 lu, ru, &c, and k arc Scythic, East Tibetan, Ultrafndian and 

 Gangetic.* 



The Srylhic, East Tibetan, Ultraindiau and Gangetic plurals iu 

 ni, in, i (fiexional in several languages) afthough radically Identical 

 wiih thf^ Dravirian ir, la, &c, distinguishes the systems in which 

 it occurs both /loin AVest Tibetan (Biiotian) and Draviriau.* 



The posifixed definitives belong to the foundation of the forma- 

 tion, and their forms and variations carry it back to an era i a 

 which Dravirian like Scylhic aud the other harmonic Aso-Africati 

 formations had only partially concreted these particles with ibe 

 substantial roots. In many instances where the roots are common 

 to Dravirian with some of these formations, the dcfiniiivcs vary. 

 (See the remarks on the Caucasian definitives, ante, vol. viii. p, 

 34.) In the comparative paucity of prefixed definitives Dravirian 

 JS Scythic more than N. E. Asian, Caucasian, Scmitico-L^bvan, 

 Tibeto-TJItraindian or Asoncsiatu 

 • See Table of riuiaJ Fartictc*. 



