KTIINOLOOY OF THE INDO-PACIPIO ISLANDS. 



KoI and Dmvirian proper aie more agglutinative, eili/dic, nm\ 

 Hcxicmal, and tlieir forms and particles are more confused anil itt 

 dijilccts have wandered more from each other and from the 

 oris:innl pvstem. Wlille Kol retains some forms ihat liavo tlis- 

 appeared in Dravirian propci-, the pronouns have loiit the primary 

 ngentive or sepamle forms which bot!» tlie other brandies preserve. 

 In most respects the systnm is that of an inipoveris^Iied diaferf; 

 of Uravirian proper formrd at an early stage of the latter, and 

 Rince modified by separation, and hyAhe i?itinence of UJtraindiun 

 formations. The hreakiiif^ up of the originai system is so coiisi- 

 derahlc tliflt it was pinobabiy produced by the contact of the nortli- 

 ern Dravirians with/ a race hiiving a different pronominal ideo- 

 logy. It is a dialect tliat could not have iirisen so long as the 

 uaiive Dravirian idiom remained strong and pure, and is of the 

 kind that grows up u'hen a race becomes closely connected and 

 intermin^slcd with a foreign one. The range of iho Kol terms to 

 the eastward renders it probaldc that this modified system was 

 not formed until the earlier Ulfraiiuitan tribes occupied the lower 

 basin of the Ganges, blended with the Dravirian aborigines and 

 produced a mixed lower G angelic race and language. The Kol 

 system must have arisen in one eommuiiity which ultimately 

 became predominant in Bengal, spread over a portion of the 

 proper Dravirian highlands on the right bank of tlie Ganges and 

 carried its pronous with ita numerals over UUraindia. 



Each of the p«i^cr North Dravirian languages— Male, Uraon 

 and Gond— has also had its pronominal, its definitive or iis 

 numeral system slightly disturbed by the North Gangetic brunch 

 of the Tibeto-Ultraindian family or by the pieviotisly modified 

 Lower Gangetic or Kol system. Tbns some of the Kol numerals 

 are found in Gond dialects. Gond has received a Tiheto-Gangetic 

 possessive particle into ita pronominal sysiem, and like Kol it 

 uses the plural labial in the singular of its 2nd pronoun, while the 

 general irregularities of its pronominal system speak to the shock 

 it has received from the presence of foreign systems or of a foreign 

 element in the languages of adjacent and partially intermixed 

 tribes, Uraon and Male have adopted a Tibeto-Gangetic pos- 

 sessive. 



The annexed Tables show the glossarial afllnilies of the Dm- 



