ETHPfOLOGT OF THB If(DO-?ACrriC ISLANDS, 



67 



it, and the TVirftdurei bu7tf, Moreton B. -punhh are single forms. 

 In some caaes tlie double form may be apparent oiily, for a final 1, 

 r, ia found in the singular in some languageg, as we have above 

 remarked. West Anstralkn has bal " ho &c/* balal " he-himself ' 

 hula " they-two** general, i. e. friends, brothers and sisters, huWu 

 if parent and child or uncle and nephew or niece, hulen, husband 

 and wife, The reduplication of the dual also forms a plural hula-Iel 

 " they/* but the substantival phiral or collective postfix is also 

 used in the form hal-gun, " they/* 



The use of a third pronoun dual to denote the dual of Bubatan- 

 tives, as well as of the 1st and 2nd pronouns, is not an exceptional 

 trait in Auatraliau ideology, for the plural of substantives is also 

 frequently expressed by a 3rd pronoun in the plural. Thus the 

 dual of " dog" would be " dog he-two" or "the-two," i. e. " these 

 two," and the plural " dog he-many," or " the many" i. e. " theae," 

 The Kol idiom is so'far difterent that the dual is in form a limitation 

 of the plural J sita ho "dog these," aita k4nj '* dog thesc-two.** 



The affinit)^ of the Kol bar and Australian hula is complete in 

 both elements glossarially, as well as in the compound being simi- 

 lar to the danl or plural of the 3rd pronoun. lu the most archaic 

 condition of the system the dual and plural power may have been 

 transferred from the numeral to the pi-onominal use of the 

 definitive. 



3. The same element reeura in the Australian purla, rauni, 

 btinii, warh-rang, mar-din, mur-ten, mu-dyan, ma-dan, 3, which 

 resemble the Dravirian muru, munru, mudu, &c. The Australian 

 terma are 2, 1 , generally fully preaerved, but in a few cases T^itli 

 the 2 or the 1 elided. Thus some of the above terms appear to have 

 the root for 1. Mar-elm^ nm-dan &c is the labial unit (mal Ka- 

 raula), with a nasal postfix as in the Bijne-lumbo war-at, and the 

 contracted 'Wollondilly me-dung (dim^ for du^ the common def. 

 postfix), Limbu Apiu mo-tu. But without additional vocabularies 

 both of definitives and their numeral and other applications 

 it seems hardly possible to analyse these terms with preci- 

 sion, for the labial enters into both I and 2. The nasal final in 

 din, dati, may possibly be the common Australian plural postfix. 

 In the Kowrarega ta-na " these," " they," it appears with the 

 dental definitive as the 3rd pronoun. 



