68 



ETHiyOtOOT OF THE IN DO-PACIFIC r0LAlf]>f. 



4. The Aiiatralian terms are binary (2, 2) like South Dra- 

 vinan, but in general with iittlo or no agglutiaation. 



5, The IMairiiai iworo may bo coauected with the I'indyan 

 mop. 



10. The Pagai putu, Totoug iw?-put, Eeh wut &c. reaemble the 

 S. Draviriau putu, pot &c. The term is a common ai'chaic on© 

 (N. E, Aaiatie, AlHcan), 



The following are examples of the pure binary systems of 

 A.UBtralmn and Torrea Strait. Kamilarai, 1, wa-kol; 2, bulo- 

 ara (ara is also used as a dual and plural dof.) ; 3, ugoro, 

 (apparently a flexion of the kol of 1) ; 4, wa-ran, (a reduphcatiou 

 of the dual postfix). Peel Biv, 1 peer j 2 pui-ar ; 3 piu-'la (a pho- 

 netic flexion of 2). Wiradurei, 1 ngun-bai ; 2 hula ; 3 bula-ngun- 

 bai (2, 1,)5 4, bu-ngu (apparently a flexional contraction of 3, but 

 probably the full term 3, 1). Bijne-lumbo 1 war-at ; 2 ugar-garA 

 (i. e. " one-one /' the ngar, gar being the Southern ngoro, kol, 

 lokaf which prcaeryo the definitive poatf. as in Bijne-lumbo) ; 

 3 ngar-gark war-at (2, 1) Ac. Erub, 1 ue-tat ; 2, naes ; 3, naesa- 

 netat (2, 1) ; 4 naeaa naes (2, 2) &c. &c. 



The prevalent Malayu-Poljnieaian system ia the Malagasy which 

 baa strong and fundamental Semitico-Alrican aflGLnities, and only 

 very remote onea 'svith Dravirian or Chino-Tibetao. In Asonesia 

 there are also quinary syatoma and renmanta of binary, ternary 

 and senary scales, but as theae are in many languages more or less 

 mixed with the Malagasy-Polynesian denary terms, and aa the 

 Sifan and Ultraindian systems also contain quinary terms, it wiU 

 be convenient to postpone tho further consideration of the insular 

 systems till the Ultraindian have been examined. 



The Chino-Tibetan and Ulfcraindian numeral system differs from 

 the Dravirian, although one or two elements £u?e common to both. 



From the above facts we are justified in the inference that there 

 wm an archaic binary numeral system which spread from India 

 to Asonesia, and that in later eras larger systems were built on it, 

 generally by quinary and denary methods, but with the ancient 

 binary elements chiefly. 



These later formations were entirely independent in India and 

 Asonesia. The Australian systems are atill essentially binary. 

 They hare not become even quinary, the few terms beyond 2 being 

 chiefly variations of the lower terms. The series is still 1 ; 2; Ij 



