12B ITHNOLOCIY OF THB IN0O-FACIFIC IStANDl. 



contain the aame labial rool that is the moBt common turm for 

 "river/* pa Toda, mm-^uaal Tam, (anc), pu^Att Malaya., ^qI$ 

 Karn, (anc), Kurg., ho^Kar. (mod.J^am Turn, (naoil),er« T*;lttg. 

 [from Tartf, verw], yer water" Gund. The root pa, va, ve, pu, 

 po, (ho) IB Scythio and it m alao found in alt the ottier f'amiUea 

 under a very great variety of forma and combiiialione. In the N. 

 £. Asian and Scythic terroa the primitive root generally takes a 

 final r or I, amar^ mura, muran, maren, wire, poSym, here 5cc. 

 " river " Scythic, mul, mel " water" Korea, raimel fee. " water" 

 Koriak. This is preserved in the Sanskrit vari ** water," Paahai 

 warA* The iame form is common in Semitico- African, babr 

 "river" Arabic, mura " river Makue, (Mongol) mumei Felup 

 (Koriak). The Dravirian vara shows the same combination and 

 it baa been trans milled to Asonesla,— ** water" warari (Utanata), 

 veari Mairasi^ walar Lobo, purai Balbum,—^" river " brang 

 Sambftwa, umala Butonj marye Trusan^ bito Sydney ka. 



The N. Indian pani water" is an allied form, to which the 

 Australian bana and Indonesian banyu are related. 



In the other Dravirian varieties the root appears pure witU 

 native postfixes. As examples of the simple root with its vowel 

 variations I may initance the SamoieJe bu, h], be, Pashtn aba, abu, 

 Rbe, (^Sanskrit apab,Zend apem, Persian ab.) 



The term tanni is conEnad to Tamil. It u "Jtenisfian, tatany 

 *' river''. The Gond donda river Todava tude "river" are 

 probably variations of the same term. It appears to liave spread 

 into Uluaindia, dak-tani "river'* (dak is "water") Ka, timli 

 Khom. 



The Mate am, Uraon nm, Ka^ta ka urn water," is a variation 

 of the labial root already noticed. This form is found in the Semi- 

 tlco-Libyan family, ma, ma-at Arabic, mek Gara^ mam Hebrew, 

 me Galla^ raah Egyptian^ (ba Malas;asy).* The Nicobar mok, 

 mak, Tasmanian moga, like the Gangetic um, am, may have more 

 direct N. Asiatic afiiiities. Corap. mu, muh, muke,Tangns. (waka 

 Aino. ) 



The Kol dab " water" is a very common root, — Scythic, Iranian, 

 Ultraindian, Asoneaian. It U probably the Sanskrit udak which 

 appears to have been early received into the Kol or Gange- 



• It k ftbo (oond 40 Bmbuf, taho " fflmi," 



