developmr^nt and its spread to India, and to be only less archaic 

 tban those wiUi Chinese. The physical and mental characters of 

 the Chino-Tibetan races who have immenoorially and ahorigiiiaHy — 

 U9 far as that term may be applied to the human tribes of any region 

 occupied the lands that bound the [ilains of the Indus and th^ 

 Gai)*^es on the north and east, forbidding 129 to seek further in 

 these directions for the fount of ibe Draviro- Australian alliance, 

 and its TariouB linguistic developments being far advanced beyond 

 the Tibetan, Chinese and Mon-Anam, and in a direction similar 

 to that of the great harmonic alliance of Asia, we must look for 

 the iromediale source of the formation to the basin of the Indus. 

 This province is chiefly connected with S. W, Asia in two direc- 

 tiouSf — in a northern^ through the head of the basin in Balti and 

 tlie Hindu Kush^ and in a western, where it is conterminous with 

 Aftghanistan and Beluchislan. The Di-avirian formation, accord- 

 ing to every ethnic probability, must originally have been an exten- 

 sion of a similar one that prevailed in this region, or at least some 

 of its principal and distinctive elcmenls must have been derived 

 from a formation so located. There are several objections to our 

 considering the head of the Indus as the main direction in which 

 the Dmvirian formation xvns spread to the south and east. It is 

 quite possible and even probable that Baltl was not Tibetanised 

 until a comparatively recent period, and the previous population, 

 or ruther the pre-Arian, may have been on extension of the adjacent 

 Scyihic race, to the northward. But this race, in all its Mid-Asiatic 

 varieties, speaks purely Scytbic languages and such languagescould 

 not have originated the Dravirian. They might certainly have sup- 

 plied one fundamental ingredient, but some of the non-Scythic cha- 

 racters repel us from attempting to tmee the history of the forma- 

 tion escUisively in the great Scythic field, and direct us to the 

 western province hrtween the Persian Gulf and India, which, in 

 a wide sense, may be termed Irania, for there is no distinct geogra- 

 phical or ethnic division between the eastern and western portions. 

 In this province and that immediately to the north of it as far as 

 Tr-ansoxiana, two races and two linguistic formations have prevailed 

 from remote antiquity, — the Iranian and the Scytbic j but a third 

 race, the Semitic, immemorial ly located on the western confines 

 of the province, has also, both in archaic and historical timet, 



