m 



ethnolouy op tub iNDO^PACiprc iilands. 



CHAPTEB TT. 



SXqCIRtBS TWTO TItG FTHMC HISTOKY AND RKl ATIONS OF THE 

 TIBBTO-ULI'JIA INDIAN AND MOJf AKAW FOUyATIOSfS. 



[Introductortf Note—ThQ concluaion tliat the Mon-Anam nume- 

 mla as well as the pronouua are of Nortlt-East Dravirian origin 

 (cliap. V. sec. 11), affeuta the viewa previously advanced in these 

 papers aa to the ethnic position of the formation, and the Si-faii 

 vocabularies of Mr Hodgson hairhig now placed beyond all doubt 

 the linos of connection between the Tibetoid languageB of Ultni- 

 india and India and the Tibetan and Scythic, it becomes neceasa- 

 17 to alter the order in which I had treated of the Ulfrroiiidian 

 languages in this part. Instead of having to aacertain the distiue- 

 tive chanieters of the Ultraindo-Gangetic group by a prior 

 approximative deteruiination of those of the Iilon-Anam, we can 

 now proceed ranch more surely by rcverabig the order. 1'he form 

 and substance of the Burma- Gangetic branch when it entered 

 Ultraindia being traced through its affinities with the existing 

 languages of eastern and western Tibet, a well defined basis ia 

 obtained for the investigation of the original condition of the older 

 Ultraindian languages. The surrounding and intrusive formations 

 — Ohineao, Tibetan (Si-fan, Bhotiau), DravLrian and Arian are all 

 referable to foreign lands, and wlien the alien ingretlients which the 

 mixed knguages of Ultraindia owe to these formations have been 

 succeasivcly removed, we may hopo to arrive at the native Mon- 

 Anam residuum. The order I had adopted in considering the for- 

 mations following the Dravimn was " B. tbo South Ultraindian or 

 Mon-Anam \ C. the Tibeto-Ultraindian or Burma-IIimalajTm ; 

 D. the Tibetan." (vol. vi. p. 658.) The arrangement now adopl^Ml 

 ia— A» the Tibeto-Burman formation, I. Tho Tibetan branch 

 embracing 1st the Si-fan languages and 2nd the Tibetan proper 

 which it may now he preferable to term Bhotian ; II. tho Uitrain- 

 do-Gangetic branch ; B. the Mon-Anam formation. As the Si-fan 

 dialects have not hitherto been noticed, it becomes necessajy to 

 consider their characters so far as the materials tjupphed by JMr 

 Hodgson allow. The sections relating to them are therefore to 



