ETHNOLOaV OF THE IN DO-PACIFIC liLAKB3. 



195 



cir Gyarung-Barman band, is chiefly ascnhabla to thi? predomi- 

 nance and diffusion of the modern Norlli Cbincse or Kwan-hwa 

 phonology. But the slender forms of the Sifan-Burnian vocabn- 

 Iftrica arc not always to be considered as the result of a native 

 development of a soft |jhotiolojjy under the influence of Kwan- 

 hwa. On the contrary, many slender vuricliefl are of ibe highest 

 antiquity in all the East Asian furmations^ — Chinese, Scythic and 

 Tiheto^Ukt-aindian. They are even preserved with the archaic 

 final consonants in many words. The co-existence of broad and 

 slender forms, e. g. log„ Hk hiind," is in accordance with llie 

 unstable character of the vowel in I he Scythic phonology. This 

 vocable alfords an illustration of the independent development of 

 slender forms ui the Scythic and in the Tlbeto-Ultraindian 

 provinces. The broad archaic form wag common to both, e. g. 

 log-of Ostiak, lafT-pci Bhot., e-lag Abor, luch-led " fijiger," Kains- 

 chatkan. The Ahorfi-lag,a'lak hass ibe Turkish prefix, but in Tur- 

 kish the slender phontdogy has produced the forms i-lik, fl-li, e-!i, 

 while the archaic broad vowels fire preserved in «-!a, a Jo. In 

 Bhotian &c the has also become /t, lak-pa, and the emasculated 

 Bnrman has not only evolved a slender vowel but changed ^ to tj 

 lat, lei. In this case the Burman lei and Turkish lik are obvious- 

 ly indeppndent. But tliere are other cases in which archaic 

 elcnder Scythic forma have spread not only through the Tibeto- 

 Ultraindian but through the Asonesian provinces. For example, 

 the Gyarung-Burmau It " air," Asonoiiian iri &c is clearly archaic 

 and Scythic, lil, il kc (as well as Caiicnsran, Semitic &c) and 

 not a modem variation of the Bhotian lung, Ihwk &c. 



Even Thochu and Horpa have severKl vocables with slender 

 vowels where Bhotian has broad ones. Ex. Hotj^ phak Bhot,, pi 

 Thochu J Earf k,3a. B,, zl-p T.; Eoad, hm B., vnk Manyak, ^-riA 

 T., ^ri Gyarung; Sa/f, chha B., cheh T.; Snakejshm] B,, hiigt T. ; 

 BonCf rmpa^ vufm B., v'\pat T.» rera Horpa, 



Gyarung has often e where Bhotian has o, ?/, a, or i ; i where 

 Bhotian has it ore; and sometimes o where Bholianhasfl. Ex. 

 Birdj byu B., pye G. ; Daij^ nyi B., nye G. ; EnVj na U,, neG. ; 

 Moon, ia B., Ihch G. ; Water, ^hhvx B., chi G. ; Tooth, so B,, 

 iyo Horpa, swe G., Thochu j 3fouth, kha B., khe G. Gyarung 

 is equally prefixual with the more prefixual vocabularies of N. 



A 



