KTIlJlOtOGY OF THH l,\ DO- PACIFIC ISLANDS. lO'J 



partrcipalB (p. 66), In some of the other languages to wljiuh Mr 

 Hodfigon rufers, it up[)eaj-B to me to be not a distinct reflexive 

 |)ai tide repreBenling the 1st pronoufii but merely b variety of the 

 Ist pronoun itself, which is the same nasal root in Chinese, Tibctu- 

 Ultrtiitidian and Draviro-Aiistmlian. In the Naga thitin-an^, 

 tbicn-o, ihien-a, I putt tkoit puttestj heput$,&n^ h m ijvidenily the 

 1st pronoun nga in a jjostfixed enphouic form, as o is the 2nd anil 

 a the 3rd. In Bodo ang is the eepar,tte form (aoe other examplua 

 antCf p.p. 37,38). It u-otthi therefore seem tliut in such Gyarung 

 nsta as Imzan^ [=^ha zo + an<^] *' I eal" (ratlicalJy *' the^eating- 

 my"),-ang is identical with the Naga-ang, that k, the 1st pronoun 

 itself, Gyarung may have lost the postfixed pronoun in the 

 2nd and drd persons. That it once possessed them and that they 

 were emphatic repetitions of the proposed pronouns is rendered 

 highly probable by the existing usage of the closely related 

 Dhimal which retains ihem in the 1st and 2nd persons, but wants 

 them in (he 3fd. Bodo again wants tbem in all the persons while 

 Natnsaijgya Xaga preserves them in all.* The usage in Gyarung 

 must be of Seythic origin like the other Scythic traits which the 

 Tibetan formation acquired from its contact with Scythic in its 

 native province and retained in variable degrees in its Ultraindian 

 dialects. 



A few examples will serve to illustrate the Gyarung system of 

 composition. From the crude root jso, eatj (or rather eating) are 

 formed with the prefixed definttivi^s ta-, da-, ha-f ya-, tutr the sub- 

 stantive or participial ia-zo, *a-zo &c. From ha-zo, by I be post- 

 fixing of nga in its eu^jbouic form is obtained Aaz-ang, wjy^jartJt/^, 

 [primarily doubtless nga Aa-zo nga, like the Dhimal ka hade khi- 



• At lliR cnncliisioii of chap. I v. I reinaikcd whti refcrenoe to tlie empliBfk aivt 

 euphonic posthxiii[< of the f*roni<>iinu "It is not a trait that wr ahou If J expect to 

 find flpotituiieoiisly shewing iTssli in many IflriffUiigcs, and it is Jti'ire Jikely lo have 

 been flerlvetl hy tne (JanKciico-LIltraiiitlinn ttmsues frora a hi|?hty hartnonic g:ro«p 

 like the Draviiiaii or Fiiio Jajwiieat;, tlmn lo liave oriiifinateJ d<>se (o liiuniouo- 

 ■ylhbic bounrfarie* in encli a iHngtaige an the Naga, and been thi^iice Iraiitunittett ia 

 inoTiS rpmut« and harmonic tnembcra of the poatpositiunal alliance." I added thafc 

 tf tJje trail were a native Indiaa one it prolMbly arose in (he Draviriait family ami 

 was communimttd bv it tu tlie Gangetico-Ulirarniliaa. It may now hi cons-idered, 

 that this habit, with much of tlje harmoaic ami a^gintinative teiidcnfy whid) I 

 had attributcti to Di-fiviriau influcncea, waa imported hy the (Jaiifjetico- Ul tram- 

 dian famitv Ijom its native luculion in EasttJiii ribci, whtre it waa adwiited from 

 .Scjlhic. 



