204 



ETHSOtOGT OP TFE INDO-PACirtC ISI^WDS. 



The 3d pron. h kho, khu, in Litopa klio, Scrpa khwo, Lepcha hen , 

 Lfmba khun^?, Magar ho*, hock. The regular vowel is o, n and 

 this alone dislingulshes the root from the more prevalent form of 

 the 2nd pron. which haa e as its proper vowel. The only analo- 

 gone pronouus in the adjacent languages are the Tbochn kwaRj,and 

 Iba-cha and the Sokpa and Gyami tha. 



All these varieties are Chinese. T'ha ia current in Kwan-hwa; 

 ki in Shanghai (also gi) and Chio-hu, and in the contracted form 

 I it is common to Kwan-hwa, Shanghai, Tfe-chiti and Hok- 

 ki6n J ku is Kwan-hwa and khui Kwang-tnng. Ke, keu, keue 

 [comp. Lepcha peu] are other varieties. The Bhotian khti, kho 

 and the allied Tibeto-Ultralndian forms are moat cloBely related 

 to khui and Lbis is consistent with the aflSnitiea of the nuraerali 

 which are also in the full archaic Chinese forma best preserved in 

 Kwang-tung and some of the other southern and central Chinese 

 dialects. The dental with the slender vowel is a demonstrative 

 in Shanghai ti, " tkW' and Kwang-tnng, deng " that," « TAfs" 

 is che in Kwan-hwa, chi in Tie-chtii, chit, ehia in Hok-kien and 

 koi in Kwang'tung. Burman like Bhotean has a broad form thu, 

 and I*au has it gntturaiised kho» as well as in the dental form tan, 

 corresponding with the Changlo da«. The Chinese slender forms 

 are found in Manjafc thr, Gnrnng thi, Murmi the, Kinawar! te, 

 licpcha he, Naga a-te, a-li, Singpho khi. Thi oceans in Burman 

 also but as a demonsLrative " this." The same root is the pre- 

 valent Scythic 3rd pron. varying to s, h j ta, tarn ; han ; sow, zo ; 

 te», ten, ze, se; sin, tida, di, kifti ko. Mongolian has e«gnn 

 corresponding with khune of Limbu. The dental form is also 

 E. Asian, cha-ta Yen is., tun-dal Yukahiri, tana, taan Aino-Kuri- 

 lian, tana (Sanskiit tad) Namollo, tie, tugh Kamschatkan, tsyo, 

 dsee Korea. Japanese has the guttural form kar^. 



The Bhotian root of the 2nd and 3rd pronouns may be consi- 

 dered as Chinese and Chino-Scythic. lis use for the 2nd pron. m 

 not Cliinese, but Scythic. Possibly it may have displaced the 

 common Chino-Tibetiin and Ultraindian root in the 2nd through 

 the influence of Sokpa or another Scythic dialect. Its absence in 

 all the Tibeto-Ultratndian dialects save Bhotian and the few 

 Himalayan dialects tliat have been much affected by Bhotian, is 

 in favour of its having always been confined to Umt dialect and of 



