ETBirOLOGT 0^ THE I2n)0-PACmO ISLA^'DS. 



213 



The plan -ni is HorpSi Scythic &g (anie p. 47.) 



The Sok-pa 3rd pron. tlia' is Cliincst^, Gynrai, and Tbochii. A 

 def, poslfixed to somo substantivea in the forms *-kwe, -khe, -gwe, 

 • ge is identical wj lb the TLocliu 2nd and 3i'd pronouns kwe, kwa, 

 and with the BUoto-Hiraalayan 2nd pronoun khe, ke, ka. 



The misGeltaneous Sokjm vocabulary abounds in Moiigolian, 

 ivords. It has received a few Tibeto-Ullraindian, and coraraunica- 

 ted some to Bhoto-Himalayan, but the latter art^ so fnw as to show 

 that the two races have not been long and intimately connected. 

 A few Sokpa words appear to have been carried across die Hijiin- 

 layas; e. g. the Sunwar khweli ^\footj^ Sokpa kboil | no " mune,^* 

 6^kpa n^r. The Blioiian 7 is Mongolian. 



8. The mutual mnnectioii of the Tibetan pi'onommal st^stems, 

 and ilteir relation to the Chinese and Sctfthic, 



The Bhotiati Isfc pron. is Ciiiiiese, the vowel howeror being not 

 tho current Chmese o, but a which was probably archaic Chiiiesf 

 also, as it U N. E. Asiau and Draviro-Australiau. The 2nd and 

 3rd deviate much more widely from the current Chiiiese forms^and 

 appear to be archaic CluiiDsic and Scythic. They are both applica- 

 tions of the same primary' definitive. 



The Horpa 1st pron. is the same a$ the Bhotiau. The 2nd h a 

 enrreut Chinese %^ariety and evidently not connected with th** 

 Bhotian. The 3rd is i>ceuliar and Scythic or Chijio-Scytliic. 



The Thochu pronouns, tlie most northerly of the East Tibetan, ait- 

 much le^s closely couwected than tlie Gyarnng witli the prevalent 

 Ultraiiido-Gangetic. Tiiey are akin to the less diffusive Bhotian, 

 and like the Bhotian depart considerably from the forms comman, 

 with little vai-iation, to Chinese, Si-fan, Ultraindo-Gangetie and 

 Draviro-Anstralian. Tlie plui-al and possessive particles are 

 Chinese ^nd Soy thic and some of them appear to be of compara- 

 tively recent Tatar introduction , 



The Gryarung pronouns are varieties of the Chinese, the 1st 

 being the same as the Horpa and Bhotian, but the 2ud being 

 distinct from the Bhotian and ideutieal with Shanghai forms as 

 the Horpa is ^^-itb the Kwan-hwa. The Gyarung forma of the- 

 Chinese pronouns are entitled to be considered as constituting the 

 normal or distinctive and predoijiinant Si-fan and even Tibelau 

 system, as the Thocbu and Bhotian 2iid pron, ia very abnormal. 



